Social Factors Influence Behavior in the Novel Object Recognition Task in a Mouse Model of Down Syndrome

The use of mouse models has revolutionized the field of Down syndrome (DS), increasing our knowledge about neuropathology and helping to propose new therapies for cognitive impairment. However, concerns about the reproducibility of results in mice and their translatability to humans have become a ma...

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Autores principales:	Cesar Sierra, Ilario De Toma, Lorenzo Lo Cascio, Esteban Vegas, Mara Dierssen
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	Down syndrome Ts65Dn novel object recognition test environmental and social factors experimental reproducibility individual variability Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/c969546d1253446d8bfd37521939571f
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:c969546d1253446d8bfd37521939571f2021-11-05T10:27:01ZSocial Factors Influence Behavior in the Novel Object Recognition Task in a Mouse Model of Down Syndrome1662-515310.3389/fnbeh.2021.772734https://doaj.org/article/c969546d1253446d8bfd37521939571f2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnbeh.2021.772734/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1662-5153The use of mouse models has revolutionized the field of Down syndrome (DS), increasing our knowledge about neuropathology and helping to propose new therapies for cognitive impairment. However, concerns about the reproducibility of results in mice and their translatability to humans have become a major issue, and controlling for moderators of behavior is essential. Social and environmental factors, the experience of the researcher, and the sex and strain of the animals can all have effects on behavior, and their impact on DS mouse models has not been explored. Here we analyzed the influence of a number of social and environmental factors, usually not taken into consideration, on the behavior of male and female wild-type and trisomic mice (the Ts65Dn model) in one of the most used tests for proving drug effects on memory, the novel object recognition (NOR) test. Using principal component analysis and correlation matrices, we show that the ratio of trisomic mice in the cage, the experience of the experimenter, and the timing of the test have a differential impact on male and female and on wild-type and trisomic behavior. We conclude that although the NOR test is quite robust and less susceptible to environmental influences than expected, to obtain useful results, the phenotype expression must be contrasted against the influences of social and environmental factors.Cesar SierraIlario De TomaLorenzo Lo CascioEsteban VegasMara DierssenMara DierssenMara DierssenFrontiers Media S.A.articleDown syndromeTs65Dnnovel object recognition testenvironmental and social factorsexperimental reproducibilityindividual variabilityNeurosciences. Biological psychiatry. NeuropsychiatryRC321-571ENFrontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, Vol 15 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Down syndrome Ts65Dn novel object recognition test environmental and social factors experimental reproducibility individual variability Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571
spellingShingle	Down syndrome Ts65Dn novel object recognition test environmental and social factors experimental reproducibility individual variability Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Cesar Sierra Ilario De Toma Lorenzo Lo Cascio Esteban Vegas Mara Dierssen Mara Dierssen Mara Dierssen Social Factors Influence Behavior in the Novel Object Recognition Task in a Mouse Model of Down Syndrome
description	The use of mouse models has revolutionized the field of Down syndrome (DS), increasing our knowledge about neuropathology and helping to propose new therapies for cognitive impairment. However, concerns about the reproducibility of results in mice and their translatability to humans have become a major issue, and controlling for moderators of behavior is essential. Social and environmental factors, the experience of the researcher, and the sex and strain of the animals can all have effects on behavior, and their impact on DS mouse models has not been explored. Here we analyzed the influence of a number of social and environmental factors, usually not taken into consideration, on the behavior of male and female wild-type and trisomic mice (the Ts65Dn model) in one of the most used tests for proving drug effects on memory, the novel object recognition (NOR) test. Using principal component analysis and correlation matrices, we show that the ratio of trisomic mice in the cage, the experience of the experimenter, and the timing of the test have a differential impact on male and female and on wild-type and trisomic behavior. We conclude that although the NOR test is quite robust and less susceptible to environmental influences than expected, to obtain useful results, the phenotype expression must be contrasted against the influences of social and environmental factors.
format	article
author	Cesar Sierra Ilario De Toma Lorenzo Lo Cascio Esteban Vegas Mara Dierssen Mara Dierssen Mara Dierssen
author_facet	Cesar Sierra Ilario De Toma Lorenzo Lo Cascio Esteban Vegas Mara Dierssen Mara Dierssen Mara Dierssen
author_sort	Cesar Sierra
title	Social Factors Influence Behavior in the Novel Object Recognition Task in a Mouse Model of Down Syndrome
title_short	Social Factors Influence Behavior in the Novel Object Recognition Task in a Mouse Model of Down Syndrome
title_full	Social Factors Influence Behavior in the Novel Object Recognition Task in a Mouse Model of Down Syndrome
title_fullStr	Social Factors Influence Behavior in the Novel Object Recognition Task in a Mouse Model of Down Syndrome
title_full_unstemmed	Social Factors Influence Behavior in the Novel Object Recognition Task in a Mouse Model of Down Syndrome
title_sort	social factors influence behavior in the novel object recognition task in a mouse model of down syndrome
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/c969546d1253446d8bfd37521939571f
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_version_	1718444315750957056

Social Factors Influence Behavior in the Novel Object Recognition Task in a Mouse Model of Down Syndrome

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