Systematic Review of Dairy Processing Sludge and Secondary STRUBIAS Products Used in Agriculture
Worldwide dairy processing plants produce high volumes of dairy processing sludge (DPS), which can be converted into secondary derivatives such as struvite, biochar and ash (collectively termed STRUBIAS). All of these products have high fertilizer equivalent values (FEV), but future certification as...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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oai:doaj.org-article:c982a24f9c6c40588e8c86d7d6b0a48a2021-11-10T08:17:25ZSystematic Review of Dairy Processing Sludge and Secondary STRUBIAS Products Used in Agriculture2571-581X10.3389/fsufs.2021.763020https://doaj.org/article/c982a24f9c6c40588e8c86d7d6b0a48a2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsufs.2021.763020/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/2571-581XWorldwide dairy processing plants produce high volumes of dairy processing sludge (DPS), which can be converted into secondary derivatives such as struvite, biochar and ash (collectively termed STRUBIAS). All of these products have high fertilizer equivalent values (FEV), but future certification as phosphorus (P)-fertilizers in the European Union will mean they need to adhere to new technical regulations for fertilizing materials i.e., content limits pertaining to heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn), synthetic organic compounds and pathogens. This systematic review presents the current state of knowledge about these bio-based fertilizers and identifies knowledge gaps. In addition, a review and calculation of greenhouse gas emissions from a range of concept dairy sludge management and production systems for STRUBIAS products [i.e., biochar from pyrolysis and hydrochar from hydrothermal carbonization (HTC)] is presented. Results from the initial review showed that DPS composition depends on product type and treatment processes at a given processing plant, which leads to varied nutrient, heavy metal and carbon contents. These products are all typically high in nutrients and carbon, but low in heavy metals. Further work needs to concentrate on examining their pathogenic microorganism and emerging contaminant contents, in addition to conducting an economic assessment of production and end-user costs related to chemical fertilizer equivalents. With respect to STRUBIAS products, contaminants not present in the raw DPS may need further treatment before being land applied in agriculture e.g., heated producing ashes, hydrochar, or biochar. An examination of these products from an environmental perspective shows that their water quality footprint could be minimized using application rates based on P incorporation of these products into nutrient management planning and application by incorporation into the soil. Results from the concept system showed that elimination of methane emissions was possible, along with a reduction in nitrous oxide. Less carbon (C) is transferred to agricultural fields where DPS is processed into biochar and hydrochar, but due to high recalcitrance, the C in this form is retained much longer in the soil, and therefore STRUBIAS products represent a more stable and long-term option to increase soil C stocks and sequestration.Yihuai HuOlha KhomenkoOlha KhomenkoWenxuan ShiWenxuan ShiÁngel Velasco-SánchezÁngel Velasco-SánchezS. M. AshekuzzamanNadia Bennegadi-LaurentKaren DalyOwen FentonMark G. HealyJ. J. LeahyPeter SørensenSven G. SommerArezoo Taghizadeh-ToosiIsabelle Trinsoutrot-GattinFrontiers Media S.A.articlecircular economyphosphorusenvironment–agriculturebio-fertilizergaseous emissions (greenhouse gases and ammonia emissions)Nutrition. Foods and food supplyTX341-641Food processing and manufactureTP368-456ENFrontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, Vol 5 (2021) |
| institution |
DOAJ |
| collection |
DOAJ |
| language |
EN |
| topic |
circular economy phosphorus environment–agriculture bio-fertilizer gaseous emissions (greenhouse gases and ammonia emissions) Nutrition. Foods and food supply TX341-641 Food processing and manufacture TP368-456 |
| spellingShingle |
circular economy phosphorus environment–agriculture bio-fertilizer gaseous emissions (greenhouse gases and ammonia emissions) Nutrition. Foods and food supply TX341-641 Food processing and manufacture TP368-456 Yihuai Hu Olha Khomenko Olha Khomenko Wenxuan Shi Wenxuan Shi Ángel Velasco-Sánchez Ángel Velasco-Sánchez S. M. Ashekuzzaman Nadia Bennegadi-Laurent Karen Daly Owen Fenton Mark G. Healy J. J. Leahy Peter Sørensen Sven G. Sommer Arezoo Taghizadeh-Toosi Isabelle Trinsoutrot-Gattin Systematic Review of Dairy Processing Sludge and Secondary STRUBIAS Products Used in Agriculture |
| description |
Worldwide dairy processing plants produce high volumes of dairy processing sludge (DPS), which can be converted into secondary derivatives such as struvite, biochar and ash (collectively termed STRUBIAS). All of these products have high fertilizer equivalent values (FEV), but future certification as phosphorus (P)-fertilizers in the European Union will mean they need to adhere to new technical regulations for fertilizing materials i.e., content limits pertaining to heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn), synthetic organic compounds and pathogens. This systematic review presents the current state of knowledge about these bio-based fertilizers and identifies knowledge gaps. In addition, a review and calculation of greenhouse gas emissions from a range of concept dairy sludge management and production systems for STRUBIAS products [i.e., biochar from pyrolysis and hydrochar from hydrothermal carbonization (HTC)] is presented. Results from the initial review showed that DPS composition depends on product type and treatment processes at a given processing plant, which leads to varied nutrient, heavy metal and carbon contents. These products are all typically high in nutrients and carbon, but low in heavy metals. Further work needs to concentrate on examining their pathogenic microorganism and emerging contaminant contents, in addition to conducting an economic assessment of production and end-user costs related to chemical fertilizer equivalents. With respect to STRUBIAS products, contaminants not present in the raw DPS may need further treatment before being land applied in agriculture e.g., heated producing ashes, hydrochar, or biochar. An examination of these products from an environmental perspective shows that their water quality footprint could be minimized using application rates based on P incorporation of these products into nutrient management planning and application by incorporation into the soil. Results from the concept system showed that elimination of methane emissions was possible, along with a reduction in nitrous oxide. Less carbon (C) is transferred to agricultural fields where DPS is processed into biochar and hydrochar, but due to high recalcitrance, the C in this form is retained much longer in the soil, and therefore STRUBIAS products represent a more stable and long-term option to increase soil C stocks and sequestration. |
| format |
article |
| author |
Yihuai Hu Olha Khomenko Olha Khomenko Wenxuan Shi Wenxuan Shi Ángel Velasco-Sánchez Ángel Velasco-Sánchez S. M. Ashekuzzaman Nadia Bennegadi-Laurent Karen Daly Owen Fenton Mark G. Healy J. J. Leahy Peter Sørensen Sven G. Sommer Arezoo Taghizadeh-Toosi Isabelle Trinsoutrot-Gattin |
| author_facet |
Yihuai Hu Olha Khomenko Olha Khomenko Wenxuan Shi Wenxuan Shi Ángel Velasco-Sánchez Ángel Velasco-Sánchez S. M. Ashekuzzaman Nadia Bennegadi-Laurent Karen Daly Owen Fenton Mark G. Healy J. J. Leahy Peter Sørensen Sven G. Sommer Arezoo Taghizadeh-Toosi Isabelle Trinsoutrot-Gattin |
| author_sort |
Yihuai Hu |
| title |
Systematic Review of Dairy Processing Sludge and Secondary STRUBIAS Products Used in Agriculture |
| title_short |
Systematic Review of Dairy Processing Sludge and Secondary STRUBIAS Products Used in Agriculture |
| title_full |
Systematic Review of Dairy Processing Sludge and Secondary STRUBIAS Products Used in Agriculture |
| title_fullStr |
Systematic Review of Dairy Processing Sludge and Secondary STRUBIAS Products Used in Agriculture |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Systematic Review of Dairy Processing Sludge and Secondary STRUBIAS Products Used in Agriculture |
| title_sort |
systematic review of dairy processing sludge and secondary strubias products used in agriculture |
| publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
| publishDate |
2021 |
| url |
https://doaj.org/article/c982a24f9c6c40588e8c86d7d6b0a48a |
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