The effects of the Otago Exercise Programme on actual and perceived balance in older adults: A meta-analysis.

<h4>Objective</h4>Falls are serious issues in older populations. Balance problems are a major cause of falls and may lead to fear of falling and decreased balance confidence. The Otago Exercise Programme (OEP) is an effective fall prevention program that benefits balance function and fea...

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Autores principales:	Huei-Ling Chiu, Ting-Ting Yeh, Yun-Ting Lo, Pei-Jung Liang, Shu-Chun Lee
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/c995f5e41a82430e89708c661a28d8b3
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:c995f5e41a82430e89708c661a28d8b32021-12-02T20:19:38ZThe effects of the Otago Exercise Programme on actual and perceived balance in older adults: A meta-analysis.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0255780https://doaj.org/article/c995f5e41a82430e89708c661a28d8b32021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255780https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Objective</h4>Falls are serious issues in older populations. Balance problems are a major cause of falls and may lead to fear of falling and decreased balance confidence. The Otago Exercise Programme (OEP) is an effective fall prevention program that benefits balance function and fear of falling. The primary aim of the meta-analysis was to investigate the effectiveness of the OEP intervention on actual balance performance (i.e., static, dynamic, proactive or reactive balance) and perceived balance ability (i.e., balance confidence or fear of falling) for older adults; the secondary aim was to examine which OEP protocol most improves balance in older adults.<h4>Methods</h4>A systematic electronic review search was performed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis guidelines to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effects of the OEP on actual balance performance and perceived balance ability in healthy older adults, and examining which OEP training protocol and intervention format most improves balance.<h4>Results</h4>A total of 12 RCTs were included in the analyses. The OEP exerted significant effects on static balance (Hedges's g = 0.388; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.131 to 0.645), dynamic balance (g = -0.228; 95% CI = -0.352 to -0.1.4), proactive balance (g = 0.239; 95% CI = 0.061 to 0.416) and perceived balance (g = -0.184; 95% CI = -0.320 to -0.048) in older adults. Subgroup analysis indicated that the group format for the OEP was more effective for improving static (p = 0.008), dynamic (p = 0.004) and perceived balance (p = 0.004) than was the individual format. Sessions of >30 minutes were more effective in improving static (p = 0.007) and perceived balance (p = 0.014) than were sessions of ≤30 minutes. However, the effects of the OEP on balance were unrelated to the types of control group, training frequency and training period.<h4>Discussion</h4>The OEP is helpful for improving actual balance including static, dynamic, and proactive balance; enhancing confidence in balance control; and reducing fear of falling in older adults. In particular, administrating the OEP in a group setting in >30-minute sessions may be the most appropriate and effective exercise protocol for improving balance.Huei-Ling ChiuTing-Ting YehYun-Ting LoPei-Jung LiangShu-Chun LeePublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 8, p e0255780 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Huei-Ling Chiu Ting-Ting Yeh Yun-Ting Lo Pei-Jung Liang Shu-Chun Lee The effects of the Otago Exercise Programme on actual and perceived balance in older adults: A meta-analysis.
description	<h4>Objective</h4>Falls are serious issues in older populations. Balance problems are a major cause of falls and may lead to fear of falling and decreased balance confidence. The Otago Exercise Programme (OEP) is an effective fall prevention program that benefits balance function and fear of falling. The primary aim of the meta-analysis was to investigate the effectiveness of the OEP intervention on actual balance performance (i.e., static, dynamic, proactive or reactive balance) and perceived balance ability (i.e., balance confidence or fear of falling) for older adults; the secondary aim was to examine which OEP protocol most improves balance in older adults.<h4>Methods</h4>A systematic electronic review search was performed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis guidelines to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effects of the OEP on actual balance performance and perceived balance ability in healthy older adults, and examining which OEP training protocol and intervention format most improves balance.<h4>Results</h4>A total of 12 RCTs were included in the analyses. The OEP exerted significant effects on static balance (Hedges's g = 0.388; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.131 to 0.645), dynamic balance (g = -0.228; 95% CI = -0.352 to -0.1.4), proactive balance (g = 0.239; 95% CI = 0.061 to 0.416) and perceived balance (g = -0.184; 95% CI = -0.320 to -0.048) in older adults. Subgroup analysis indicated that the group format for the OEP was more effective for improving static (p = 0.008), dynamic (p = 0.004) and perceived balance (p = 0.004) than was the individual format. Sessions of >30 minutes were more effective in improving static (p = 0.007) and perceived balance (p = 0.014) than were sessions of ≤30 minutes. However, the effects of the OEP on balance were unrelated to the types of control group, training frequency and training period.<h4>Discussion</h4>The OEP is helpful for improving actual balance including static, dynamic, and proactive balance; enhancing confidence in balance control; and reducing fear of falling in older adults. In particular, administrating the OEP in a group setting in >30-minute sessions may be the most appropriate and effective exercise protocol for improving balance.
format	article
author	Huei-Ling Chiu Ting-Ting Yeh Yun-Ting Lo Pei-Jung Liang Shu-Chun Lee
author_facet	Huei-Ling Chiu Ting-Ting Yeh Yun-Ting Lo Pei-Jung Liang Shu-Chun Lee
author_sort	Huei-Ling Chiu
title	The effects of the Otago Exercise Programme on actual and perceived balance in older adults: A meta-analysis.
title_short	The effects of the Otago Exercise Programme on actual and perceived balance in older adults: A meta-analysis.
title_full	The effects of the Otago Exercise Programme on actual and perceived balance in older adults: A meta-analysis.
title_fullStr	The effects of the Otago Exercise Programme on actual and perceived balance in older adults: A meta-analysis.
title_full_unstemmed	The effects of the Otago Exercise Programme on actual and perceived balance in older adults: A meta-analysis.
title_sort	effects of the otago exercise programme on actual and perceived balance in older adults: a meta-analysis.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/c995f5e41a82430e89708c661a28d8b3
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The effects of the Otago Exercise Programme on actual and perceived balance in older adults: A meta-analysis.

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