Competitive performance of transgenic wheat resistant to powdery mildew.

Genetically modified (GM) plants offer an ideal model system to study the influence of single genes that confer constitutive resistance to pathogens on the ecological behaviour of plants. We used phytometers to study competitive interactions between GM lines of spring wheat Triticum aestivum carryin...

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Autores principales:	Olena Kalinina, Simon L Zeller, Bernhard Schmid
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2011
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/c99713d2f14b43f59021a4c984d97b22
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:c99713d2f14b43f59021a4c984d97b222021-11-18T07:33:35ZCompetitive performance of transgenic wheat resistant to powdery mildew.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0028091https://doaj.org/article/c99713d2f14b43f59021a4c984d97b222011-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/22132219/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Genetically modified (GM) plants offer an ideal model system to study the influence of single genes that confer constitutive resistance to pathogens on the ecological behaviour of plants. We used phytometers to study competitive interactions between GM lines of spring wheat Triticum aestivum carrying such genes and control lines. We hypothesized that competitive performance of GM lines would be reduced due to enhanced transgene expression under pathogen levels typically encountered in the field. The transgenes pm3b from wheat (resistance against powdery mildew Blumeria graminis) or chitinase and glucanase genes from barley (resistance against fungi in general) were introduced with the ubiquitin promoter from maize (pm3b and chitinase genes) or the actin promoter from rice (glucanase gene). Phytometers of 15 transgenic and non-transgenic wheat lines were transplanted as seedlings into plots sown with the same 15 lines as competitive environments and subject to two soil nutrient levels. Pm3b lines had reduced mildew incidence compared with control lines. Chitinase and chitinase/glucanase lines showed the same high resistance to mildew as their control in low-nutrient treatment and slightly lower mildew rates than the control in high-nutrient environment. Pm3b lines were weaker competitors than control lines. This resulted in reduced yield and seed number. The Pm3b line with the highest transgene expression had 53.2% lower yield than the control whereas the Pm3b line which segregated in resistance and had higher mildew rates showed only minor costs under competition. The line expressing both chitinase and glucanase genes also showed reduced yield and seed number under competition compared with its control. Our results suggest that single transgenes conferring constitutive resistance to pathogens can have ecological costs and can weaken plant competitiveness even in the presence of the pathogen. The magnitude of these costs appears related to the degree of expression of the transgenes.Olena KalininaSimon L ZellerBernhard SchmidPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 6, Iss 11, p e28091 (2011)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Olena Kalinina Simon L Zeller Bernhard Schmid Competitive performance of transgenic wheat resistant to powdery mildew.
description	Genetically modified (GM) plants offer an ideal model system to study the influence of single genes that confer constitutive resistance to pathogens on the ecological behaviour of plants. We used phytometers to study competitive interactions between GM lines of spring wheat Triticum aestivum carrying such genes and control lines. We hypothesized that competitive performance of GM lines would be reduced due to enhanced transgene expression under pathogen levels typically encountered in the field. The transgenes pm3b from wheat (resistance against powdery mildew Blumeria graminis) or chitinase and glucanase genes from barley (resistance against fungi in general) were introduced with the ubiquitin promoter from maize (pm3b and chitinase genes) or the actin promoter from rice (glucanase gene). Phytometers of 15 transgenic and non-transgenic wheat lines were transplanted as seedlings into plots sown with the same 15 lines as competitive environments and subject to two soil nutrient levels. Pm3b lines had reduced mildew incidence compared with control lines. Chitinase and chitinase/glucanase lines showed the same high resistance to mildew as their control in low-nutrient treatment and slightly lower mildew rates than the control in high-nutrient environment. Pm3b lines were weaker competitors than control lines. This resulted in reduced yield and seed number. The Pm3b line with the highest transgene expression had 53.2% lower yield than the control whereas the Pm3b line which segregated in resistance and had higher mildew rates showed only minor costs under competition. The line expressing both chitinase and glucanase genes also showed reduced yield and seed number under competition compared with its control. Our results suggest that single transgenes conferring constitutive resistance to pathogens can have ecological costs and can weaken plant competitiveness even in the presence of the pathogen. The magnitude of these costs appears related to the degree of expression of the transgenes.
format	article
author	Olena Kalinina Simon L Zeller Bernhard Schmid
author_facet	Olena Kalinina Simon L Zeller Bernhard Schmid
author_sort	Olena Kalinina
title	Competitive performance of transgenic wheat resistant to powdery mildew.
title_short	Competitive performance of transgenic wheat resistant to powdery mildew.
title_full	Competitive performance of transgenic wheat resistant to powdery mildew.
title_fullStr	Competitive performance of transgenic wheat resistant to powdery mildew.
title_full_unstemmed	Competitive performance of transgenic wheat resistant to powdery mildew.
title_sort	competitive performance of transgenic wheat resistant to powdery mildew.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2011
url	https://doaj.org/article/c99713d2f14b43f59021a4c984d97b22
work_keys_str_mv	AT olenakalinina competitiveperformanceoftransgenicwheatresistanttopowderymildew AT simonlzeller competitiveperformanceoftransgenicwheatresistanttopowderymildew AT bernhardschmid competitiveperformanceoftransgenicwheatresistanttopowderymildew
_version_	1718423312890068992

Competitive performance of transgenic wheat resistant to powdery mildew.

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