Effect of Elevated CO2 on Biomolecules’ Accumulation in Caraway (Carum carvi L.) Plants at Different Developmental Stages

Caraway plants have been known as a rich source of phytochemicals, such as flavonoids, monoterpenoid glucosides and alkaloids. In this regard, the application of elevated CO2 (eCO2) as a bio-enhancer for increasing plant growth and phytochemical content...

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Autores principales:	Hamada AbdElgawad, Mohammad K. Okla, Saud S. Al-amri, Abdulrahman AL-Hashimi, Wahida H. AL-Qahtani, Salem Mesfir Al-Qahtani, Zahid Khorshid Abbas, Nadi Awad Al-Harbi, Ayman Abd Algafar, Mohammed S. Almuhayawi, Samy Selim, Mohamed Abdel-Mawgoud
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	high CO<sub>2</sub> caraway plants sprouting mature plants nutritious metabolites antioxidant Botany QK1-989
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/c9a3a1a0dfaf4233a35512df3fe6d444
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:c9a3a1a0dfaf4233a35512df3fe6d4442021-11-25T18:46:34ZEffect of Elevated CO<sub>2</sub> on Biomolecules’ Accumulation in Caraway (<i>Carum carvi</i> L.) Plants at Different Developmental Stages10.3390/plants101124342223-7747https://doaj.org/article/c9a3a1a0dfaf4233a35512df3fe6d4442021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/11/2434https://doaj.org/toc/2223-7747Caraway plants have been known as a rich source of phytochemicals, such as flavonoids, monoterpenoid glucosides and alkaloids. In this regard, the application of elevated CO<sub>2</sub> (eCO<sub>2</sub>) as a bio-enhancer for increasing plant growth and phytochemical content has been the focus of many studies; however, the interaction between eCO<sub>2</sub> and plants at different developmental stages has not been extensively explored. Thus, the present study aimed at investigating the changes in growth, photosynthesis and phytochemicals of caraway plants at two developmental stages (sprouts and mature tissues) under control and increased CO<sub>2</sub> conditions (ambient CO<sub>2</sub> (a CO<sub>2</sub>, 400 ± 27 μmol CO<sub>2</sub> mol<sup>−1</sup> air) and eCO<sub>2</sub>, 620 ± 42 μmol CO<sub>2</sub> mol<sup>−1</sup> air ppm). Moreover, we evaluated the impact of eCO<sub>2</sub>-induced changes in plant metabolites on the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of caraway sprouts and mature plants. CO<sub>2</sub> enrichment increased photosynthesis and biomass accumulation of both caraway stages. Regarding their phytochemical contents, caraway plants interacted differently with eCO<sub>2</sub>, depending on their developmental stages. High levels of CO<sub>2</sub> enhanced the production of total nutrients, i.e., carbohydrates, proteins, fats and crude fibers, as well as organic and amino acids, in an equal pattern in both caraway sprouts and mature plants. Interestingly, the eCO<sub>2</sub>-induced effect on minerals, vitamins and phenolics was more pronounced in caraway sprouts than the mature tissues. Furthermore, the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of caraway plants were enhanced under eCO<sub>2</sub> treatment, particularly at the mature stage. Overall, eCO<sub>2</sub> provoked changes in the phytochemical contents of caraway plants, particularly at the sprouting stage and, hence, improved their nutritive and health-promoting properties.Hamada AbdElgawadMohammad K. OklaSaud S. Al-amriAbdulrahman AL-HashimiWahida H. AL-QahtaniSalem Mesfir Al-QahtaniZahid Khorshid AbbasNadi Awad Al-HarbiAyman Abd AlgafarMohammed S. AlmuhayawiSamy SelimMohamed Abdel-MawgoudMDPI AGarticlehigh CO<sub>2</sub>caraway plantssproutingmature plantsnutritious metabolitesantioxidantBotanyQK1-989ENPlants, Vol 10, Iss 2434, p 2434 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	high CO<sub>2</sub> caraway plants sprouting mature plants nutritious metabolites antioxidant Botany QK1-989
spellingShingle	high CO<sub>2</sub> caraway plants sprouting mature plants nutritious metabolites antioxidant Botany QK1-989 Hamada AbdElgawad Mohammad K. Okla Saud S. Al-amri Abdulrahman AL-Hashimi Wahida H. AL-Qahtani Salem Mesfir Al-Qahtani Zahid Khorshid Abbas Nadi Awad Al-Harbi Ayman Abd Algafar Mohammed S. Almuhayawi Samy Selim Mohamed Abdel-Mawgoud Effect of Elevated CO<sub>2</sub> on Biomolecules’ Accumulation in Caraway (<i>Carum carvi</i> L.) Plants at Different Developmental Stages
description	Caraway plants have been known as a rich source of phytochemicals, such as flavonoids, monoterpenoid glucosides and alkaloids. In this regard, the application of elevated CO<sub>2</sub> (eCO<sub>2</sub>) as a bio-enhancer for increasing plant growth and phytochemical content has been the focus of many studies; however, the interaction between eCO<sub>2</sub> and plants at different developmental stages has not been extensively explored. Thus, the present study aimed at investigating the changes in growth, photosynthesis and phytochemicals of caraway plants at two developmental stages (sprouts and mature tissues) under control and increased CO<sub>2</sub> conditions (ambient CO<sub>2</sub> (a CO<sub>2</sub>, 400 ± 27 μmol CO<sub>2</sub> mol<sup>−1</sup> air) and eCO<sub>2</sub>, 620 ± 42 μmol CO<sub>2</sub> mol<sup>−1</sup> air ppm). Moreover, we evaluated the impact of eCO<sub>2</sub>-induced changes in plant metabolites on the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of caraway sprouts and mature plants. CO<sub>2</sub> enrichment increased photosynthesis and biomass accumulation of both caraway stages. Regarding their phytochemical contents, caraway plants interacted differently with eCO<sub>2</sub>, depending on their developmental stages. High levels of CO<sub>2</sub> enhanced the production of total nutrients, i.e., carbohydrates, proteins, fats and crude fibers, as well as organic and amino acids, in an equal pattern in both caraway sprouts and mature plants. Interestingly, the eCO<sub>2</sub>-induced effect on minerals, vitamins and phenolics was more pronounced in caraway sprouts than the mature tissues. Furthermore, the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of caraway plants were enhanced under eCO<sub>2</sub> treatment, particularly at the mature stage. Overall, eCO<sub>2</sub> provoked changes in the phytochemical contents of caraway plants, particularly at the sprouting stage and, hence, improved their nutritive and health-promoting properties.
format	article
author	Hamada AbdElgawad Mohammad K. Okla Saud S. Al-amri Abdulrahman AL-Hashimi Wahida H. AL-Qahtani Salem Mesfir Al-Qahtani Zahid Khorshid Abbas Nadi Awad Al-Harbi Ayman Abd Algafar Mohammed S. Almuhayawi Samy Selim Mohamed Abdel-Mawgoud
author_facet	Hamada AbdElgawad Mohammad K. Okla Saud S. Al-amri Abdulrahman AL-Hashimi Wahida H. AL-Qahtani Salem Mesfir Al-Qahtani Zahid Khorshid Abbas Nadi Awad Al-Harbi Ayman Abd Algafar Mohammed S. Almuhayawi Samy Selim Mohamed Abdel-Mawgoud
author_sort	Hamada AbdElgawad
title	Effect of Elevated CO<sub>2</sub> on Biomolecules’ Accumulation in Caraway (<i>Carum carvi</i> L.) Plants at Different Developmental Stages
title_short	Effect of Elevated CO<sub>2</sub> on Biomolecules’ Accumulation in Caraway (<i>Carum carvi</i> L.) Plants at Different Developmental Stages
title_full	Effect of Elevated CO<sub>2</sub> on Biomolecules’ Accumulation in Caraway (<i>Carum carvi</i> L.) Plants at Different Developmental Stages
title_fullStr	Effect of Elevated CO<sub>2</sub> on Biomolecules’ Accumulation in Caraway (<i>Carum carvi</i> L.) Plants at Different Developmental Stages
title_full_unstemmed	Effect of Elevated CO<sub>2</sub> on Biomolecules’ Accumulation in Caraway (<i>Carum carvi</i> L.) Plants at Different Developmental Stages
title_sort	effect of elevated co<sub>2</sub> on biomolecules’ accumulation in caraway (<i>carum carvi</i> l.) plants at different developmental stages
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/c9a3a1a0dfaf4233a35512df3fe6d444
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Effect of Elevated CO<sub>2</sub> on Biomolecules’ Accumulation in Caraway (<i>Carum carvi</i> L.) Plants at Different Developmental Stages

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