Potential Applications of Microparticulate-Based Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles (OMVs) Vaccine Platform for Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs): Gonorrhea, Chlamydia, and Syphilis

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are a major global health issue. Approximately 250 million new cases of STDs occur each year globally. Currently, only three STDs (human papillomavirus (HPV), hepatitis A, and hepatitis B) are preventable by vaccines. Vaccines for other STDs, including gonorrhea,...

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Autores principales:	Christiane Chbib, Sarthak M. Shah, Rikhav P. Gala, Mohammad N. Uddin
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	antibiotic chlamydia gonorrhea syphilis sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) microparticulate Medicine R
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/c9a9593b4fb84fd4b03c350c0db319e0
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:c9a9593b4fb84fd4b03c350c0db319e02021-11-25T19:10:28ZPotential Applications of Microparticulate-Based Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles (OMVs) Vaccine Platform for Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs): Gonorrhea, Chlamydia, and Syphilis10.3390/vaccines91112452076-393Xhttps://doaj.org/article/c9a9593b4fb84fd4b03c350c0db319e02021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/9/11/1245https://doaj.org/toc/2076-393XSexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are a major global health issue. Approximately 250 million new cases of STDs occur each year globally. Currently, only three STDs (human papillomavirus (HPV), hepatitis A, and hepatitis B) are preventable by vaccines. Vaccines for other STDs, including gonorrhea, chlamydia, and syphilis, await successful development. Currently, all of these STDs are treated with antibiotics. However, the efficacy of antibiotics is facing growing challenge due to the emergence of bacterial resistance. Therefore, alternative therapeutic approaches, including the development of vaccines against these STDs, should be explored to tackle this important global public health issue. Mass vaccination could be more efficient in reducing the spread of these highly contagious diseases. Bacterial outer membrane vesicle (OMV) is a potential antigen used to prevent STDs. OMVs are released spontaneously during growth by many Gram-negative bacteria. They present a wide range of surface antigens in native conformation that possess interesting properties such as immunogenicity, adjuvant potential, and the ability to be taken up by immune cells, all of which make them an attractive target for application as vaccines against pathogenic bacteria. The major challenge associated with the use of OMVs is its fragile structure and stability. However, a particulate form of the vaccine could be a suitable delivery system that can protect the antigen from degradation by a harsh acidic or enzymatic environment. The particulate form of the vaccine can also act as an adjuvant by itself. This review will highlight some practical methods for formulating microparticulate OMV-based vaccines for STDs.Christiane ChbibSarthak M. ShahRikhav P. GalaMohammad N. UddinMDPI AGarticleantibioticchlamydiagonorrheasyphilissexually transmitted diseases (STDs)microparticulateMedicineRENVaccines, Vol 9, Iss 1245, p 1245 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	antibiotic chlamydia gonorrhea syphilis sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) microparticulate Medicine R
spellingShingle	antibiotic chlamydia gonorrhea syphilis sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) microparticulate Medicine R Christiane Chbib Sarthak M. Shah Rikhav P. Gala Mohammad N. Uddin Potential Applications of Microparticulate-Based Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles (OMVs) Vaccine Platform for Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs): Gonorrhea, Chlamydia, and Syphilis
description	Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are a major global health issue. Approximately 250 million new cases of STDs occur each year globally. Currently, only three STDs (human papillomavirus (HPV), hepatitis A, and hepatitis B) are preventable by vaccines. Vaccines for other STDs, including gonorrhea, chlamydia, and syphilis, await successful development. Currently, all of these STDs are treated with antibiotics. However, the efficacy of antibiotics is facing growing challenge due to the emergence of bacterial resistance. Therefore, alternative therapeutic approaches, including the development of vaccines against these STDs, should be explored to tackle this important global public health issue. Mass vaccination could be more efficient in reducing the spread of these highly contagious diseases. Bacterial outer membrane vesicle (OMV) is a potential antigen used to prevent STDs. OMVs are released spontaneously during growth by many Gram-negative bacteria. They present a wide range of surface antigens in native conformation that possess interesting properties such as immunogenicity, adjuvant potential, and the ability to be taken up by immune cells, all of which make them an attractive target for application as vaccines against pathogenic bacteria. The major challenge associated with the use of OMVs is its fragile structure and stability. However, a particulate form of the vaccine could be a suitable delivery system that can protect the antigen from degradation by a harsh acidic or enzymatic environment. The particulate form of the vaccine can also act as an adjuvant by itself. This review will highlight some practical methods for formulating microparticulate OMV-based vaccines for STDs.
format	article
author	Christiane Chbib Sarthak M. Shah Rikhav P. Gala Mohammad N. Uddin
author_facet	Christiane Chbib Sarthak M. Shah Rikhav P. Gala Mohammad N. Uddin
author_sort	Christiane Chbib
title	Potential Applications of Microparticulate-Based Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles (OMVs) Vaccine Platform for Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs): Gonorrhea, Chlamydia, and Syphilis
title_short	Potential Applications of Microparticulate-Based Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles (OMVs) Vaccine Platform for Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs): Gonorrhea, Chlamydia, and Syphilis
title_full	Potential Applications of Microparticulate-Based Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles (OMVs) Vaccine Platform for Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs): Gonorrhea, Chlamydia, and Syphilis
title_fullStr	Potential Applications of Microparticulate-Based Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles (OMVs) Vaccine Platform for Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs): Gonorrhea, Chlamydia, and Syphilis
title_full_unstemmed	Potential Applications of Microparticulate-Based Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles (OMVs) Vaccine Platform for Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs): Gonorrhea, Chlamydia, and Syphilis
title_sort	potential applications of microparticulate-based bacterial outer membrane vesicles (omvs) vaccine platform for sexually transmitted diseases (stds): gonorrhea, chlamydia, and syphilis
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/c9a9593b4fb84fd4b03c350c0db319e0
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Potential Applications of Microparticulate-Based Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles (OMVs) Vaccine Platform for Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs): Gonorrhea, Chlamydia, and Syphilis

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