Acceleration of Batch-type Heterogeneous Ligand-free Suzuki-Miyaura Reactions with Polymer Composite Supported Pd Catalyst

Abstract An efficient and recyclable palladium (II) catalyst supported on a double-structured amphiphilic polymer composite was reported previously containing a polymer hydrogel within macroporous polystyrene (PS) microspheres. However, some critical questions have been unaddressed. First, the catal...

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Autores principales:	Mian Wang, Han Xue, Fei Ju, Haijie Yang
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2017
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/c9a9a382d43e4924b3b813e10cf1d7d1
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:c9a9a382d43e4924b3b813e10cf1d7d12021-12-02T16:06:28ZAcceleration of Batch-type Heterogeneous Ligand-free Suzuki-Miyaura Reactions with Polymer Composite Supported Pd Catalyst10.1038/s41598-017-06499-z2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/c9a9a382d43e4924b3b813e10cf1d7d12017-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-06499-zhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract An efficient and recyclable palladium (II) catalyst supported on a double-structured amphiphilic polymer composite was reported previously containing a polymer hydrogel within macroporous polystyrene (PS) microspheres. However, some critical questions have been unaddressed. First, the catalyst accelerated the heterogeneous ligand-free batch Suzuki-Miyaura reaction in a H2O/EtOH mixture solution at room temperature in the presence of air, which could be ascribed to the “on-water” effect taking place at the interface of the aqueous–organic and basic-aqueous phases created by sodium carbonate in H2O/EtOH. To this acceleration, the double-structured amphiphilic polymer composite can also contribute by providing hydrogels inside the macroporous PS that served as a microreactor. This microreactor allowed the reactions to quickly proceed across the two immiscible (i.e. aqueous-organic and basic-aqueous) phases. Moreover, hydrogels containing hydroxyl groups can also serve as phase-transfer catalysts (PTC) to promote the Suzuki reaction. Second, the deactivated catalyst recovered its initial catalytic activity after overnight air exposure. This observation indicates the importance of oxygen in the activation/deactivation of Pd metals, as determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements which revealed different Pd oxidation states with various morphologies before and after Suzuki reactions.Mian WangHan XueFei JuHaijie YangNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-9 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Mian Wang Han Xue Fei Ju Haijie Yang Acceleration of Batch-type Heterogeneous Ligand-free Suzuki-Miyaura Reactions with Polymer Composite Supported Pd Catalyst
description	Abstract An efficient and recyclable palladium (II) catalyst supported on a double-structured amphiphilic polymer composite was reported previously containing a polymer hydrogel within macroporous polystyrene (PS) microspheres. However, some critical questions have been unaddressed. First, the catalyst accelerated the heterogeneous ligand-free batch Suzuki-Miyaura reaction in a H2O/EtOH mixture solution at room temperature in the presence of air, which could be ascribed to the “on-water” effect taking place at the interface of the aqueous–organic and basic-aqueous phases created by sodium carbonate in H2O/EtOH. To this acceleration, the double-structured amphiphilic polymer composite can also contribute by providing hydrogels inside the macroporous PS that served as a microreactor. This microreactor allowed the reactions to quickly proceed across the two immiscible (i.e. aqueous-organic and basic-aqueous) phases. Moreover, hydrogels containing hydroxyl groups can also serve as phase-transfer catalysts (PTC) to promote the Suzuki reaction. Second, the deactivated catalyst recovered its initial catalytic activity after overnight air exposure. This observation indicates the importance of oxygen in the activation/deactivation of Pd metals, as determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements which revealed different Pd oxidation states with various morphologies before and after Suzuki reactions.
format	article
author	Mian Wang Han Xue Fei Ju Haijie Yang
author_facet	Mian Wang Han Xue Fei Ju Haijie Yang
author_sort	Mian Wang
title	Acceleration of Batch-type Heterogeneous Ligand-free Suzuki-Miyaura Reactions with Polymer Composite Supported Pd Catalyst
title_short	Acceleration of Batch-type Heterogeneous Ligand-free Suzuki-Miyaura Reactions with Polymer Composite Supported Pd Catalyst
title_full	Acceleration of Batch-type Heterogeneous Ligand-free Suzuki-Miyaura Reactions with Polymer Composite Supported Pd Catalyst
title_fullStr	Acceleration of Batch-type Heterogeneous Ligand-free Suzuki-Miyaura Reactions with Polymer Composite Supported Pd Catalyst
title_full_unstemmed	Acceleration of Batch-type Heterogeneous Ligand-free Suzuki-Miyaura Reactions with Polymer Composite Supported Pd Catalyst
title_sort	acceleration of batch-type heterogeneous ligand-free suzuki-miyaura reactions with polymer composite supported pd catalyst
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/c9a9a382d43e4924b3b813e10cf1d7d1
work_keys_str_mv	AT mianwang accelerationofbatchtypeheterogeneousligandfreesuzukimiyaurareactionswithpolymercompositesupportedpdcatalyst AT hanxue accelerationofbatchtypeheterogeneousligandfreesuzukimiyaurareactionswithpolymercompositesupportedpdcatalyst AT feiju accelerationofbatchtypeheterogeneousligandfreesuzukimiyaurareactionswithpolymercompositesupportedpdcatalyst AT haijieyang accelerationofbatchtypeheterogeneousligandfreesuzukimiyaurareactionswithpolymercompositesupportedpdcatalyst
_version_	1718384989275422720

Acceleration of Batch-type Heterogeneous Ligand-free Suzuki-Miyaura Reactions with Polymer Composite Supported Pd Catalyst

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