Natural Clay as a Low-Cost Adsorbent for Crystal Violet Dye Removal and Antimicrobial Activity

This investigation aimed at evaluating the efficiency of micro and nanoclays as a low-cost material for the removal of crystal violet (CV) dye from an aqueous solution. The impacts of various factors (contact time, pH, adsorbent dosage, temperature, initial dye concentration) on the adsorption proce...

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Autores principales:	Ali Q. Alorabi, Mallick Shamshi Hassan, Mohammad Mahboob Alam, Sami A. Zabin, Nawaf I. Alsenani, Neazar Essam Baghdadi
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	natural micro and nanoclay crystal violet adsorption isotherm biological activity Chemistry QD1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/c9b94b79d05e4d81a57f9bc13d638aa5
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:c9b94b79d05e4d81a57f9bc13d638aa52021-11-25T18:29:50ZNatural Clay as a Low-Cost Adsorbent for Crystal Violet Dye Removal and Antimicrobial Activity10.3390/nano111127892079-4991https://doaj.org/article/c9b94b79d05e4d81a57f9bc13d638aa52021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/11/11/2789https://doaj.org/toc/2079-4991This investigation aimed at evaluating the efficiency of micro and nanoclays as a low-cost material for the removal of crystal violet (CV) dye from an aqueous solution. The impacts of various factors (contact time, pH, adsorbent dosage, temperature, initial dye concentration) on the adsorption process have been taken into consideration. Six micro and nanoclay samples were obtained by treating clay materials collected from different locations in the Albaha region, Saudi Arabia. Out of the six tested micro and nanoclays materials, two (NCQ1 and NCQ3) were selected based on the highest adsorption efficiency for complete experimentation. The morphology and structure of the selected micro and nanoclay adsorbents were characterized by various techniques: SEM-EDX, FTIR, XRF, XRD, and ICP-MS. The XRF showed that the main oxides of both nanoclays were SiO<sub>2</sub>, Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, K<sub>2</sub>O, CaO, and MgO, and the rest were impurities. All the parameters affecting the adsorption of CV dye were optimized in a batch system, and the optimized working conditions were an equilibrium time of 120 min, a dose of 30 mg, a temperature of 25 °C, and an initial CV concentration of 400 mg/L. The equilibrium data were tested using nonlinear isotherm and kinetic models, which showed that the Freundlich isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetics gave the best fit with the experimental data, indicating a physico-chemical interaction occurred between the CV dye and both selected micro and nanoclay surfaces. The maximum adsorption capacities of NCQ1 and NCQ3 adsorbents were 206.73 and 203.66 mg/g, respectively, at 25 °C. The thermodynamic factors revealed that the CV dye adsorption of both micro and nanoclays was spontaneous and showed an exothermic process. Therefore, the examined natural micro and nanoclays adsorbents are promising effective adsorbents for the elimination of CV dye from an aqueous environment.Ali Q. AlorabiMallick Shamshi HassanMohammad Mahboob AlamSami A. ZabinNawaf I. AlsenaniNeazar Essam BaghdadiMDPI AGarticlenatural micro and nanoclaycrystal violetadsorptionisothermbiological activityChemistryQD1-999ENNanomaterials, Vol 11, Iss 2789, p 2789 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	natural micro and nanoclay crystal violet adsorption isotherm biological activity Chemistry QD1-999
spellingShingle	natural micro and nanoclay crystal violet adsorption isotherm biological activity Chemistry QD1-999 Ali Q. Alorabi Mallick Shamshi Hassan Mohammad Mahboob Alam Sami A. Zabin Nawaf I. Alsenani Neazar Essam Baghdadi Natural Clay as a Low-Cost Adsorbent for Crystal Violet Dye Removal and Antimicrobial Activity
description	This investigation aimed at evaluating the efficiency of micro and nanoclays as a low-cost material for the removal of crystal violet (CV) dye from an aqueous solution. The impacts of various factors (contact time, pH, adsorbent dosage, temperature, initial dye concentration) on the adsorption process have been taken into consideration. Six micro and nanoclay samples were obtained by treating clay materials collected from different locations in the Albaha region, Saudi Arabia. Out of the six tested micro and nanoclays materials, two (NCQ1 and NCQ3) were selected based on the highest adsorption efficiency for complete experimentation. The morphology and structure of the selected micro and nanoclay adsorbents were characterized by various techniques: SEM-EDX, FTIR, XRF, XRD, and ICP-MS. The XRF showed that the main oxides of both nanoclays were SiO<sub>2</sub>, Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, K<sub>2</sub>O, CaO, and MgO, and the rest were impurities. All the parameters affecting the adsorption of CV dye were optimized in a batch system, and the optimized working conditions were an equilibrium time of 120 min, a dose of 30 mg, a temperature of 25 °C, and an initial CV concentration of 400 mg/L. The equilibrium data were tested using nonlinear isotherm and kinetic models, which showed that the Freundlich isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetics gave the best fit with the experimental data, indicating a physico-chemical interaction occurred between the CV dye and both selected micro and nanoclay surfaces. The maximum adsorption capacities of NCQ1 and NCQ3 adsorbents were 206.73 and 203.66 mg/g, respectively, at 25 °C. The thermodynamic factors revealed that the CV dye adsorption of both micro and nanoclays was spontaneous and showed an exothermic process. Therefore, the examined natural micro and nanoclays adsorbents are promising effective adsorbents for the elimination of CV dye from an aqueous environment.
format	article
author	Ali Q. Alorabi Mallick Shamshi Hassan Mohammad Mahboob Alam Sami A. Zabin Nawaf I. Alsenani Neazar Essam Baghdadi
author_facet	Ali Q. Alorabi Mallick Shamshi Hassan Mohammad Mahboob Alam Sami A. Zabin Nawaf I. Alsenani Neazar Essam Baghdadi
author_sort	Ali Q. Alorabi
title	Natural Clay as a Low-Cost Adsorbent for Crystal Violet Dye Removal and Antimicrobial Activity
title_short	Natural Clay as a Low-Cost Adsorbent for Crystal Violet Dye Removal and Antimicrobial Activity
title_full	Natural Clay as a Low-Cost Adsorbent for Crystal Violet Dye Removal and Antimicrobial Activity
title_fullStr	Natural Clay as a Low-Cost Adsorbent for Crystal Violet Dye Removal and Antimicrobial Activity
title_full_unstemmed	Natural Clay as a Low-Cost Adsorbent for Crystal Violet Dye Removal and Antimicrobial Activity
title_sort	natural clay as a low-cost adsorbent for crystal violet dye removal and antimicrobial activity
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/c9b94b79d05e4d81a57f9bc13d638aa5
work_keys_str_mv	AT aliqalorabi naturalclayasalowcostadsorbentforcrystalvioletdyeremovalandantimicrobialactivity AT mallickshamshihassan naturalclayasalowcostadsorbentforcrystalvioletdyeremovalandantimicrobialactivity AT mohammadmahboobalam naturalclayasalowcostadsorbentforcrystalvioletdyeremovalandantimicrobialactivity AT samiazabin naturalclayasalowcostadsorbentforcrystalvioletdyeremovalandantimicrobialactivity AT nawafialsenani naturalclayasalowcostadsorbentforcrystalvioletdyeremovalandantimicrobialactivity AT neazaressambaghdadi naturalclayasalowcostadsorbentforcrystalvioletdyeremovalandantimicrobialactivity
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Natural Clay as a Low-Cost Adsorbent for Crystal Violet Dye Removal and Antimicrobial Activity

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