Compact Base Station Antenna Based on Image Theory for UWB/5G RTLS Embraced Smart Parking of Driverless Cars

The Internet of Thing (IoT) and fifth-generation mobile communication networks (5G) are leading towards a paradigm shift by proving seamless connectivity to a large number of devices. The applications of IoT in smart cities have further attracted local authorities to adopt technologies such as drive...

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Autores principales:	Abubakar Sharif, Jinhao Guo, Jun Ouyang, Sheng Sun, Kamran Arshad, Muhammad Ali Imran, Qammer H. Abbasi
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	IEEE 2019
Materias:	Antenna design bandwidth directivity enhancement driverless cars Internet of Thing (IoT) Smart Cities Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/c9be0ffe3a8d40578fa035aba1b0f364
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:c9be0ffe3a8d40578fa035aba1b0f364
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:c9be0ffe3a8d40578fa035aba1b0f3642021-11-19T00:03:28ZCompact Base Station Antenna Based on Image Theory for UWB/5G RTLS Embraced Smart Parking of Driverless Cars2169-353610.1109/ACCESS.2019.2959130https://doaj.org/article/c9be0ffe3a8d40578fa035aba1b0f3642019-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8931576/https://doaj.org/toc/2169-3536The Internet of Thing (IoT) and fifth-generation mobile communication networks (5G) are leading towards a paradigm shift by proving seamless connectivity to a large number of devices. The applications of IoT in smart cities have further attracted local authorities to adopt technologies such as driverless cars, smart parking and smart waste management. This paper presents a compact base station antenna design with enhanced directivity/gain for ultra-wideband (UWB)/5G embraced real-time location systems (RTLS) based smart parking of driverless cars. The proposed base station antenna is based on image theory to achieve enhanced directivity and narrower beam width without using more array elements to keep smaller dimensions. Moreover, the base station antenna consists of an antipodal dipole printed on the opposite side of Rogers 4350 substrate, and a metal plate carefully designed and placed to produce a mirror image in order to achieve a high value of directivity in a specified direction. The advantage behind the antipodal dipole configuration is to avoid the use of extra balun for impedance matching. The half-power beamwidth of 110° is achieved along with 7 dB gain by placing a reflector plane at the distance of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.25~\lambda \text{o}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> from the proposed antipodal dipole antenna. Also, this antenna provides a bandwidth ranging from 6 to 7.25 GHz, which can be used for UWB or 5G based RTLS systems. Furthermore, the proposed compact antenna design will help to improve the localization accuracy of ultra- wideband RTLS systems for smart parking applications of autonomous cars.Abubakar SharifJinhao GuoJun OuyangSheng SunKamran ArshadMuhammad Ali ImranQammer H. AbbasiIEEEarticleAntenna designbandwidthdirectivity enhancementdriverless carsInternet of Thing (IoT)Smart CitiesElectrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineeringTK1-9971ENIEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 180898-180909 (2019)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Antenna design bandwidth directivity enhancement driverless cars Internet of Thing (IoT) Smart Cities Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971
spellingShingle	Antenna design bandwidth directivity enhancement driverless cars Internet of Thing (IoT) Smart Cities Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Abubakar Sharif Jinhao Guo Jun Ouyang Sheng Sun Kamran Arshad Muhammad Ali Imran Qammer H. Abbasi Compact Base Station Antenna Based on Image Theory for UWB/5G RTLS Embraced Smart Parking of Driverless Cars
description	The Internet of Thing (IoT) and fifth-generation mobile communication networks (5G) are leading towards a paradigm shift by proving seamless connectivity to a large number of devices. The applications of IoT in smart cities have further attracted local authorities to adopt technologies such as driverless cars, smart parking and smart waste management. This paper presents a compact base station antenna design with enhanced directivity/gain for ultra-wideband (UWB)/5G embraced real-time location systems (RTLS) based smart parking of driverless cars. The proposed base station antenna is based on image theory to achieve enhanced directivity and narrower beam width without using more array elements to keep smaller dimensions. Moreover, the base station antenna consists of an antipodal dipole printed on the opposite side of Rogers 4350 substrate, and a metal plate carefully designed and placed to produce a mirror image in order to achieve a high value of directivity in a specified direction. The advantage behind the antipodal dipole configuration is to avoid the use of extra balun for impedance matching. The half-power beamwidth of 110° is achieved along with 7 dB gain by placing a reflector plane at the distance of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.25~\lambda \text{o}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> from the proposed antipodal dipole antenna. Also, this antenna provides a bandwidth ranging from 6 to 7.25 GHz, which can be used for UWB or 5G based RTLS systems. Furthermore, the proposed compact antenna design will help to improve the localization accuracy of ultra- wideband RTLS systems for smart parking applications of autonomous cars.
format	article
author	Abubakar Sharif Jinhao Guo Jun Ouyang Sheng Sun Kamran Arshad Muhammad Ali Imran Qammer H. Abbasi
author_facet	Abubakar Sharif Jinhao Guo Jun Ouyang Sheng Sun Kamran Arshad Muhammad Ali Imran Qammer H. Abbasi
author_sort	Abubakar Sharif
title	Compact Base Station Antenna Based on Image Theory for UWB/5G RTLS Embraced Smart Parking of Driverless Cars
title_short	Compact Base Station Antenna Based on Image Theory for UWB/5G RTLS Embraced Smart Parking of Driverless Cars
title_full	Compact Base Station Antenna Based on Image Theory for UWB/5G RTLS Embraced Smart Parking of Driverless Cars
title_fullStr	Compact Base Station Antenna Based on Image Theory for UWB/5G RTLS Embraced Smart Parking of Driverless Cars
title_full_unstemmed	Compact Base Station Antenna Based on Image Theory for UWB/5G RTLS Embraced Smart Parking of Driverless Cars
title_sort	compact base station antenna based on image theory for uwb/5g rtls embraced smart parking of driverless cars
publisher	IEEE
publishDate	2019
url	https://doaj.org/article/c9be0ffe3a8d40578fa035aba1b0f364
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Compact Base Station Antenna Based on Image Theory for UWB/5G RTLS Embraced Smart Parking of Driverless Cars

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