The Impact of the American Academy of Ophthalmology's Leadership Development Program: Experience from the First 20 Years

Objective This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of the American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO)'s Leadership Development Program (LDP), report the program's impact on participants in attaining ophthalmic leadership positions, and identify opportunities to improve future LDP programm...

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Autores principales:	Linda M. Tsai, Holly A. Schroth, Gail E. Schmidt, Paul Sternberg Jr
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. 2021
Materias:	leadership ldp program american academy of ophthalmology likert scale survey self-efficacy confidence motivation gender diversity Ophthalmology RE1-994
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/c9c4b3cc16674a5bbdb74154e96b8c34
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:c9c4b3cc16674a5bbdb74154e96b8c342021-11-25T01:52:06ZThe Impact of the American Academy of Ophthalmology's Leadership Development Program: Experience from the First 20 Years2475-475710.1055/s-0041-1735954https://doaj.org/article/c9c4b3cc16674a5bbdb74154e96b8c342021-07-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.thieme-connect.de/DOI/DOI?10.1055/s-0041-1735954https://doaj.org/toc/2475-4757Objective This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of the American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO)'s Leadership Development Program (LDP), report the program's impact on participants in attaining ophthalmic leadership positions, and identify opportunities to improve future LDP programming. Design An open cohort study was performed on AAO LDP graduates by using an online questionnaire and retrospective monitoring. Participants and Methods AAO LDP graduates from 1999 to 2019 participated in the study. A Likert-scale survey was distributed via email. Online responses were submitted anonymously to a team at the Berkeley Haas School of Business for analysis. A separate review of gender demographics and ophthalmic leadership positions held by graduates was performed. Main Outcomes Measures Regression analysis was performed to determine whether survey results supported a meaningful relationship between the measured impact and the AAO LDP program's perceived effectiveness. Ascension into leadership positions of AAO-related organizations at the national, regional, state, and subspecialty level by AAO LDP graduates was collated. Results Of 381 potential respondents, 203 survey responses were returned (53.3%). 158 reported that they are currently holding a leadership position (77.8%). Statistical analyses indicated that the overall value of the program was seen as highly effective (M = 4.6), and that the development programs combined contributed significantly to AAO LDP being judged as effective overall, F (11,191) = 24.79; p < 0.001 with an R 2 of 0.59. Longitudinal tracking of the 383 graduates revealed that 268 (70.0%) have served as AAO committee/task force members, councilors, or representatives to outside organizations. A total of 242 (63.2%) graduates have served as president or chair of a state, subspecialty, or specialized interest ophthalmology society. 25 (6.5%) have served at the highest level of AAO leadership and two have been elected AAO President. A higher percentage of participants identifying as female was found in the LDP program compared with both U.S. overall and trainee ophthalmic populations. Conclusion The AAO LDP has fulfilled its initial goals of effectively developing a large cohort of ophthalmologists interested in and prepared to take on leadership roles across the profession. Development of more specific outcome measures to evaluate the program, as well as direct optimal programming, are needed to further the success of its aims.Linda M. TsaiHolly A. SchrothGail E. SchmidtPaul Sternberg JrThieme Medical Publishers, Inc.articleleadershipldp programamerican academy of ophthalmologylikert scalesurveyself-efficacyconfidencemotivationgender diversityOphthalmologyRE1-994ENJournal of Academic Ophthalmology, Vol 13, Iss 02, Pp e138-e143 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	leadership ldp program american academy of ophthalmology likert scale survey self-efficacy confidence motivation gender diversity Ophthalmology RE1-994
spellingShingle	leadership ldp program american academy of ophthalmology likert scale survey self-efficacy confidence motivation gender diversity Ophthalmology RE1-994 Linda M. Tsai Holly A. Schroth Gail E. Schmidt Paul Sternberg Jr The Impact of the American Academy of Ophthalmology's Leadership Development Program: Experience from the First 20 Years
description	Objective This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of the American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO)'s Leadership Development Program (LDP), report the program's impact on participants in attaining ophthalmic leadership positions, and identify opportunities to improve future LDP programming. Design An open cohort study was performed on AAO LDP graduates by using an online questionnaire and retrospective monitoring. Participants and Methods AAO LDP graduates from 1999 to 2019 participated in the study. A Likert-scale survey was distributed via email. Online responses were submitted anonymously to a team at the Berkeley Haas School of Business for analysis. A separate review of gender demographics and ophthalmic leadership positions held by graduates was performed. Main Outcomes Measures Regression analysis was performed to determine whether survey results supported a meaningful relationship between the measured impact and the AAO LDP program's perceived effectiveness. Ascension into leadership positions of AAO-related organizations at the national, regional, state, and subspecialty level by AAO LDP graduates was collated. Results Of 381 potential respondents, 203 survey responses were returned (53.3%). 158 reported that they are currently holding a leadership position (77.8%). Statistical analyses indicated that the overall value of the program was seen as highly effective (M = 4.6), and that the development programs combined contributed significantly to AAO LDP being judged as effective overall, F (11,191) = 24.79; p < 0.001 with an R 2 of 0.59. Longitudinal tracking of the 383 graduates revealed that 268 (70.0%) have served as AAO committee/task force members, councilors, or representatives to outside organizations. A total of 242 (63.2%) graduates have served as president or chair of a state, subspecialty, or specialized interest ophthalmology society. 25 (6.5%) have served at the highest level of AAO leadership and two have been elected AAO President. A higher percentage of participants identifying as female was found in the LDP program compared with both U.S. overall and trainee ophthalmic populations. Conclusion The AAO LDP has fulfilled its initial goals of effectively developing a large cohort of ophthalmologists interested in and prepared to take on leadership roles across the profession. Development of more specific outcome measures to evaluate the program, as well as direct optimal programming, are needed to further the success of its aims.
format	article
author	Linda M. Tsai Holly A. Schroth Gail E. Schmidt Paul Sternberg Jr
author_facet	Linda M. Tsai Holly A. Schroth Gail E. Schmidt Paul Sternberg Jr
author_sort	Linda M. Tsai
title	The Impact of the American Academy of Ophthalmology's Leadership Development Program: Experience from the First 20 Years
title_short	The Impact of the American Academy of Ophthalmology's Leadership Development Program: Experience from the First 20 Years
title_full	The Impact of the American Academy of Ophthalmology's Leadership Development Program: Experience from the First 20 Years
title_fullStr	The Impact of the American Academy of Ophthalmology's Leadership Development Program: Experience from the First 20 Years
title_full_unstemmed	The Impact of the American Academy of Ophthalmology's Leadership Development Program: Experience from the First 20 Years
title_sort	impact of the american academy of ophthalmology's leadership development program: experience from the first 20 years
publisher	Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/c9c4b3cc16674a5bbdb74154e96b8c34
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The Impact of the American Academy of Ophthalmology's Leadership Development Program: Experience from the First 20 Years

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