La résilience des atolls de Kiribati (Micronésie) à la sécheresse : comparaison entre un système urbain et un système rural
Atolls have fragile environments offering limited resources that are susceptible to frequent droughts. Kiribati is an independent atoll state counting 100,000 inhabitants living in isolated and scattered atolls. The Gilbert archipelago where most of Kiribati’s inhabitants reside is composed of one u...
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| Format: | article |
| Langue: | DE EN FR IT PT |
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Unité Mixte de Recherche 8504 Géographie-cités
2016
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| Accès en ligne: | https://doaj.org/article/c9c8f7b34e97404f832ab8dc5954e6cc |
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| Résumé: | Atolls have fragile environments offering limited resources that are susceptible to frequent droughts. Kiribati is an independent atoll state counting 100,000 inhabitants living in isolated and scattered atolls. The Gilbert archipelago where most of Kiribati’s inhabitants reside is composed of one urban atoll and fifteen rural atolls. This paper intends to compare the resilience of two kinds of territorial models to drought. In the urban atoll of Tarawa, rapid urbanization has led to ecosystems degradation and the pollution of coastal waters and freshwater lenses. In rural atolls, inhabitants who have not migrated to Tarawa live from subsistence economy. A systemic approach based on conceptual models is used to estimate the resilience of both atolls to drought. It shows that two key variables in the resilience of both systems to drought are fresh groundwater and food security. In rural atolls, these two variables keep acceptable value during drought. In Tarawa, food dependence on foreign countries has decreased the resilience of this urban system to drought. |
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