The Impact of Reclamation on Tidal Flat Morphological Equilibrium

Reclamation is one of the most prominent anthropogenic activities affecting tidal flat morphology and the related ecosystem service. Two representative types of reclamation are upper-flat enclosure and lower-flat enrockment. From a historical perspective, different type of reclamation was adapted in...

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Autores principales: Zehua Zhong, Zhan Hu
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Lenguaje:EN
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
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Acceso en línea:https://doaj.org/article/c9d007ddda0b48dc9cf636d99648dfb6
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spelling oai:doaj.org-article:c9d007ddda0b48dc9cf636d99648dfb62021-11-10T05:55:27ZThe Impact of Reclamation on Tidal Flat Morphological Equilibrium2296-774510.3389/fmars.2021.769077https://doaj.org/article/c9d007ddda0b48dc9cf636d99648dfb62021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2021.769077/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/2296-7745Reclamation is one of the most prominent anthropogenic activities affecting tidal flat morphology and the related ecosystem service. Two representative types of reclamation are upper-flat enclosure and lower-flat enrockment. From a historical perspective, different type of reclamation was adapted in different areas in ancient China. As previous studies on reclamation are often site-specific, the reason that leads to such a difference is unclear. The intertidal dynamic equilibrium theory (DET) provides a comprehensive framework for this quest. Here, we extend the DET with additional effects of reclamation. A model based on DET (DET-ESTMORF) was applied to investigate the impact of reclamation on tidal flats. The model was validated by comparing our results against previous records and observations. Results show that both types of reclamation induce morphological adjustment by enhancing local accretion, which upset the previous equilibrium. Specifically, upper-flat enclosure drives tidal flats into evolution toward wave dominance, whereas lower-flat enrockment causes adjustment toward tidal dominance. Next, the impact of reclamation on tidal flats in different states (prograding or retreating) was investigated. We show that both enclosure and enrockment can induce accretion despite the varying wave climate and sediment supply, with the mean accretion rate raised by 1.8 cm/year and 1.2 cm/year, respectively. However, the resulting profiles are different in shape, especially on retreating flats. Finally, we point out that tidal range and sediment supply are the potential reasons affecting the choice of reclamation types in practices.Zehua ZhongZhan HuZhan HuZhan HuFrontiers Media S.A.articlereclamationtidal flatsdynamic equilibrium theorytidal flat equilibriummorphological responseScienceQGeneral. Including nature conservation, geographical distributionQH1-199.5ENFrontiers in Marine Science, Vol 8 (2021)
institution DOAJ
collection DOAJ
language EN
topic reclamation
tidal flats
dynamic equilibrium theory
tidal flat equilibrium
morphological response
Science
Q
General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution
QH1-199.5
spellingShingle reclamation
tidal flats
dynamic equilibrium theory
tidal flat equilibrium
morphological response
Science
Q
General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution
QH1-199.5
Zehua Zhong
Zhan Hu
Zhan Hu
Zhan Hu
The Impact of Reclamation on Tidal Flat Morphological Equilibrium
description Reclamation is one of the most prominent anthropogenic activities affecting tidal flat morphology and the related ecosystem service. Two representative types of reclamation are upper-flat enclosure and lower-flat enrockment. From a historical perspective, different type of reclamation was adapted in different areas in ancient China. As previous studies on reclamation are often site-specific, the reason that leads to such a difference is unclear. The intertidal dynamic equilibrium theory (DET) provides a comprehensive framework for this quest. Here, we extend the DET with additional effects of reclamation. A model based on DET (DET-ESTMORF) was applied to investigate the impact of reclamation on tidal flats. The model was validated by comparing our results against previous records and observations. Results show that both types of reclamation induce morphological adjustment by enhancing local accretion, which upset the previous equilibrium. Specifically, upper-flat enclosure drives tidal flats into evolution toward wave dominance, whereas lower-flat enrockment causes adjustment toward tidal dominance. Next, the impact of reclamation on tidal flats in different states (prograding or retreating) was investigated. We show that both enclosure and enrockment can induce accretion despite the varying wave climate and sediment supply, with the mean accretion rate raised by 1.8 cm/year and 1.2 cm/year, respectively. However, the resulting profiles are different in shape, especially on retreating flats. Finally, we point out that tidal range and sediment supply are the potential reasons affecting the choice of reclamation types in practices.
format article
author Zehua Zhong
Zhan Hu
Zhan Hu
Zhan Hu
author_facet Zehua Zhong
Zhan Hu
Zhan Hu
Zhan Hu
author_sort Zehua Zhong
title The Impact of Reclamation on Tidal Flat Morphological Equilibrium
title_short The Impact of Reclamation on Tidal Flat Morphological Equilibrium
title_full The Impact of Reclamation on Tidal Flat Morphological Equilibrium
title_fullStr The Impact of Reclamation on Tidal Flat Morphological Equilibrium
title_full_unstemmed The Impact of Reclamation on Tidal Flat Morphological Equilibrium
title_sort impact of reclamation on tidal flat morphological equilibrium
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate 2021
url https://doaj.org/article/c9d007ddda0b48dc9cf636d99648dfb6
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