Mechanisms, Diagnosis and Treatment of Bone Metastases

Bone and bone marrow are among the most frequent metastatic sites of cancer. The occurrence of bone metastasis is frequently associated with a dismal disease outcome. The prevention and therapy of bone metastases is a priority in the treatment of cancer patients. However, current therapeutic options...

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Autores principales:	Jozef Ban, Valerie Fock, Dave N. T. Aryee, Heinrich Kovar
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	bone metastasis metastatic niche tumor microenvironment interactions bone colonization EMT metastatic dormancy Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/c9d3c1ae1b94426d9995667a6f98b0c8
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:c9d3c1ae1b94426d9995667a6f98b0c82021-11-25T17:09:33ZMechanisms, Diagnosis and Treatment of Bone Metastases10.3390/cells101129442073-4409https://doaj.org/article/c9d3c1ae1b94426d9995667a6f98b0c82021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/10/11/2944https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4409Bone and bone marrow are among the most frequent metastatic sites of cancer. The occurrence of bone metastasis is frequently associated with a dismal disease outcome. The prevention and therapy of bone metastases is a priority in the treatment of cancer patients. However, current therapeutic options for patients with bone metastatic disease are limited in efficacy and associated with increased morbidity. Therefore, most current therapies are mainly palliative in nature. A better understanding of the underlying molecular pathways of the bone metastatic process is warranted to develop novel, well-tolerated and more successful treatments for a significant improvement of patients’ quality of life and disease outcome. In this review, we provide comparative mechanistic insights into the bone metastatic process of various solid tumors, including pediatric cancers. We also highlight current and innovative approaches to biologically targeted therapy and immunotherapy. In particular, we discuss the role of the bone marrow microenvironment in the attraction, homing, dormancy and outgrowth of metastatic tumor cells and the ensuing therapeutic implications. Multiple signaling pathways have been described to contribute to metastatic spread to the bone of specific cancer entities, with most knowledge derived from the study of breast and prostate cancer. However, it is likely that similar mechanisms are involved in different types of cancer, including multiple myeloma, primary bone sarcomas and neuroblastoma. The metastatic rate-limiting interaction of tumor cells with the various cellular and noncellular components of the bone-marrow niche provides attractive therapeutic targets, which are already partially exploited by novel promising immunotherapies.Jozef BanValerie FockDave N. T. AryeeHeinrich KovarMDPI AGarticlebone metastasismetastatic nichetumor microenvironment interactionsbone colonizationEMTmetastatic dormancyBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENCells, Vol 10, Iss 2944, p 2944 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	bone metastasis metastatic niche tumor microenvironment interactions bone colonization EMT metastatic dormancy Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	bone metastasis metastatic niche tumor microenvironment interactions bone colonization EMT metastatic dormancy Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Jozef Ban Valerie Fock Dave N. T. Aryee Heinrich Kovar Mechanisms, Diagnosis and Treatment of Bone Metastases
description	Bone and bone marrow are among the most frequent metastatic sites of cancer. The occurrence of bone metastasis is frequently associated with a dismal disease outcome. The prevention and therapy of bone metastases is a priority in the treatment of cancer patients. However, current therapeutic options for patients with bone metastatic disease are limited in efficacy and associated with increased morbidity. Therefore, most current therapies are mainly palliative in nature. A better understanding of the underlying molecular pathways of the bone metastatic process is warranted to develop novel, well-tolerated and more successful treatments for a significant improvement of patients’ quality of life and disease outcome. In this review, we provide comparative mechanistic insights into the bone metastatic process of various solid tumors, including pediatric cancers. We also highlight current and innovative approaches to biologically targeted therapy and immunotherapy. In particular, we discuss the role of the bone marrow microenvironment in the attraction, homing, dormancy and outgrowth of metastatic tumor cells and the ensuing therapeutic implications. Multiple signaling pathways have been described to contribute to metastatic spread to the bone of specific cancer entities, with most knowledge derived from the study of breast and prostate cancer. However, it is likely that similar mechanisms are involved in different types of cancer, including multiple myeloma, primary bone sarcomas and neuroblastoma. The metastatic rate-limiting interaction of tumor cells with the various cellular and noncellular components of the bone-marrow niche provides attractive therapeutic targets, which are already partially exploited by novel promising immunotherapies.
format	article
author	Jozef Ban Valerie Fock Dave N. T. Aryee Heinrich Kovar
author_facet	Jozef Ban Valerie Fock Dave N. T. Aryee Heinrich Kovar
author_sort	Jozef Ban
title	Mechanisms, Diagnosis and Treatment of Bone Metastases
title_short	Mechanisms, Diagnosis and Treatment of Bone Metastases
title_full	Mechanisms, Diagnosis and Treatment of Bone Metastases
title_fullStr	Mechanisms, Diagnosis and Treatment of Bone Metastases
title_full_unstemmed	Mechanisms, Diagnosis and Treatment of Bone Metastases
title_sort	mechanisms, diagnosis and treatment of bone metastases
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/c9d3c1ae1b94426d9995667a6f98b0c8
work_keys_str_mv	AT jozefban mechanismsdiagnosisandtreatmentofbonemetastases AT valeriefock mechanismsdiagnosisandtreatmentofbonemetastases AT daventaryee mechanismsdiagnosisandtreatmentofbonemetastases AT heinrichkovar mechanismsdiagnosisandtreatmentofbonemetastases
_version_	1718412678212354048

Mechanisms, Diagnosis and Treatment of Bone Metastases

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