Exposure of infants to organochlorine pesticides from breast milk consumption in southwestern Ethiopia

Abstract Breast milk is often used as an environmental bioindicator since it serves as an important medium to accumulate organochlorine pesticides. The main aim of this study is to determine the level of organochlorine pesticides in human breast milk collected from three districts of southwestern Et...

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Autores principales:	Seblework Mekonen, Argaw Ambelu, Mekitie Wondafrash, Patrick Kolsteren, Pieter Spanoghe
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/c9d5c3eeff9542cba47004db981740c3
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:c9d5c3eeff9542cba47004db981740c32021-11-14T12:21:26ZExposure of infants to organochlorine pesticides from breast milk consumption in southwestern Ethiopia10.1038/s41598-021-01656-x2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/c9d5c3eeff9542cba47004db981740c32021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-01656-xhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Breast milk is often used as an environmental bioindicator since it serves as an important medium to accumulate organochlorine pesticides. The main aim of this study is to determine the level of organochlorine pesticides in human breast milk collected from three districts of southwestern Ethiopia (Asendabo, Deneba, and Serbo) at three times points baselines (1st month), midline ( six months), and end line (12 months) and risk of infants’ exposure. A longitudinal study was conducted to assess pesticide residues in human breast milk samples and evaluate the risk-exposure of infants to these pesticides from consumption of mother’s milk in Ethiopia. Breast milk samples were collected from 168 mothers at three time points and pesticides were extracted using the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) method. The level of pesticide residues in human milk samples and exposure of infants to the pesticides was evaluated by calculating the estimated daily intake and compared with the provisional tolerable daily intake of the pesticides under study. The results indicated that, from the eight organochlorine pesticides analyzed in 447 breast milk samples at three sampling times, DDT and its metabolites were detected. p,p′-DDE and p,p′-DDT were detected in all (100%) of the breast milk samples while, p,p-DDD, and o,p-DDT were detected in 53.9%, and 42.7%, respectively. The mean concentration of total DDT at three time points(baseline, midline and endline) were 2.25, 1.68 and 1.32 µg/g milk fat, respectively. The mean concentration of total DDT from the three districts was 1.85 µg/g milk fat which is above the maximum residue limit (MRL = 0.02 µg/g milk fat set by FAO/WHO). The mean ratio of DDT/DDE for the three areas was calculated less than five (< 5) indicates historical DDT use in the study area. The estimated daily intake of infants at the first month of breastfeeding was 11.24 µg/kg-BW/day, above the provisional tolerable daily intake (PTDI) for total DDT set by FAO/WHO, which is 10 µg/kg body weight. An intake of OCPs is a big concern for infants' health in Ethiopia and countries with a similar condition, particularly at the first month of lactation. Strict regulations of the health-threatening pesticide by the regulatory body (Environment, Forest and Climate Change Commission) at the country and regional levels is advocated.Seblework MekonenArgaw AmbeluMekitie WondafrashPatrick KolsterenPieter SpanogheNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Seblework Mekonen Argaw Ambelu Mekitie Wondafrash Patrick Kolsteren Pieter Spanoghe Exposure of infants to organochlorine pesticides from breast milk consumption in southwestern Ethiopia
description	Abstract Breast milk is often used as an environmental bioindicator since it serves as an important medium to accumulate organochlorine pesticides. The main aim of this study is to determine the level of organochlorine pesticides in human breast milk collected from three districts of southwestern Ethiopia (Asendabo, Deneba, and Serbo) at three times points baselines (1st month), midline ( six months), and end line (12 months) and risk of infants’ exposure. A longitudinal study was conducted to assess pesticide residues in human breast milk samples and evaluate the risk-exposure of infants to these pesticides from consumption of mother’s milk in Ethiopia. Breast milk samples were collected from 168 mothers at three time points and pesticides were extracted using the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) method. The level of pesticide residues in human milk samples and exposure of infants to the pesticides was evaluated by calculating the estimated daily intake and compared with the provisional tolerable daily intake of the pesticides under study. The results indicated that, from the eight organochlorine pesticides analyzed in 447 breast milk samples at three sampling times, DDT and its metabolites were detected. p,p′-DDE and p,p′-DDT were detected in all (100%) of the breast milk samples while, p,p-DDD, and o,p-DDT were detected in 53.9%, and 42.7%, respectively. The mean concentration of total DDT at three time points(baseline, midline and endline) were 2.25, 1.68 and 1.32 µg/g milk fat, respectively. The mean concentration of total DDT from the three districts was 1.85 µg/g milk fat which is above the maximum residue limit (MRL = 0.02 µg/g milk fat set by FAO/WHO). The mean ratio of DDT/DDE for the three areas was calculated less than five (< 5) indicates historical DDT use in the study area. The estimated daily intake of infants at the first month of breastfeeding was 11.24 µg/kg-BW/day, above the provisional tolerable daily intake (PTDI) for total DDT set by FAO/WHO, which is 10 µg/kg body weight. An intake of OCPs is a big concern for infants' health in Ethiopia and countries with a similar condition, particularly at the first month of lactation. Strict regulations of the health-threatening pesticide by the regulatory body (Environment, Forest and Climate Change Commission) at the country and regional levels is advocated.
format	article
author	Seblework Mekonen Argaw Ambelu Mekitie Wondafrash Patrick Kolsteren Pieter Spanoghe
author_facet	Seblework Mekonen Argaw Ambelu Mekitie Wondafrash Patrick Kolsteren Pieter Spanoghe
author_sort	Seblework Mekonen
title	Exposure of infants to organochlorine pesticides from breast milk consumption in southwestern Ethiopia
title_short	Exposure of infants to organochlorine pesticides from breast milk consumption in southwestern Ethiopia
title_full	Exposure of infants to organochlorine pesticides from breast milk consumption in southwestern Ethiopia
title_fullStr	Exposure of infants to organochlorine pesticides from breast milk consumption in southwestern Ethiopia
title_full_unstemmed	Exposure of infants to organochlorine pesticides from breast milk consumption in southwestern Ethiopia
title_sort	exposure of infants to organochlorine pesticides from breast milk consumption in southwestern ethiopia
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/c9d5c3eeff9542cba47004db981740c3
work_keys_str_mv	AT sebleworkmekonen exposureofinfantstoorganochlorinepesticidesfrombreastmilkconsumptioninsouthwesternethiopia AT argawambelu exposureofinfantstoorganochlorinepesticidesfrombreastmilkconsumptioninsouthwesternethiopia AT mekitiewondafrash exposureofinfantstoorganochlorinepesticidesfrombreastmilkconsumptioninsouthwesternethiopia AT patrickkolsteren exposureofinfantstoorganochlorinepesticidesfrombreastmilkconsumptioninsouthwesternethiopia AT pieterspanoghe exposureofinfantstoorganochlorinepesticidesfrombreastmilkconsumptioninsouthwesternethiopia
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Exposure of infants to organochlorine pesticides from breast milk consumption in southwestern Ethiopia

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