Trogocytosis in Unicellular Eukaryotes

Trogocytosis is a mode of internalization of a part of a live cell by nibbling and is mechanistically distinct from phagocytosis, which implies internalization of a whole cell or a particle. Trogocytosis has been demonstrated in a broad range of cell types in multicellular organisms and is also know...

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Autores principales:	Kumiko Nakada-Tsukui, Tomoyoshi Nozaki
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	trogocytosis phagocytosis unicellular eukaryotes <i>Entamoeba histolytica</i> parasites cross-dressing Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/c9e004c4952d40b786abe1705d8bf837
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:c9e004c4952d40b786abe1705d8bf8372021-11-25T17:09:57ZTrogocytosis in Unicellular Eukaryotes10.3390/cells101129752073-4409https://doaj.org/article/c9e004c4952d40b786abe1705d8bf8372021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/10/11/2975https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4409Trogocytosis is a mode of internalization of a part of a live cell by nibbling and is mechanistically distinct from phagocytosis, which implies internalization of a whole cell or a particle. Trogocytosis has been demonstrated in a broad range of cell types in multicellular organisms and is also known to be involved in a plethora of functions. In immune cells, trogocytosis is involved in the “cross-dressing” between antigen presenting cells and T cells, and is thus considered to mediate intercellular communication. On the other hand, trogocytosis has also been reported in a variety of unicellular organisms including the protistan (protozoan) parasite <i>Entamoeba histolytica</i>. <i>E. histolytica</i> ingests human T cell line by trogocytosis and acquires complement resistance and cross-dresses major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I on the cell surface. Furthermore, trogocytosis and trogocytosis-like phenomena (nibbling of a live cell, not previously described as trogocytosis) have also been reported in other parasitic protists such as <i>Trichomonas</i>, <i>Plasmodium</i>, <i>Toxoplasma</i>, and free-living amoebae. Thus, trogocytosis is conserved in diverse eukaryotic supergroups as a means of intercellular communication. It is depicting the universality of trogocytosis among eukaryotes. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of trogocytosis in unicellular organisms, including the history of its discovery, taxonomical distribution, roles, and molecular mechanisms.Kumiko Nakada-TsukuiTomoyoshi NozakiMDPI AGarticletrogocytosisphagocytosisunicellular eukaryotes<i>Entamoeba histolytica</i>parasitescross-dressingBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENCells, Vol 10, Iss 2975, p 2975 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	trogocytosis phagocytosis unicellular eukaryotes <i>Entamoeba histolytica</i> parasites cross-dressing Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	trogocytosis phagocytosis unicellular eukaryotes <i>Entamoeba histolytica</i> parasites cross-dressing Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Kumiko Nakada-Tsukui Tomoyoshi Nozaki Trogocytosis in Unicellular Eukaryotes
description	Trogocytosis is a mode of internalization of a part of a live cell by nibbling and is mechanistically distinct from phagocytosis, which implies internalization of a whole cell or a particle. Trogocytosis has been demonstrated in a broad range of cell types in multicellular organisms and is also known to be involved in a plethora of functions. In immune cells, trogocytosis is involved in the “cross-dressing” between antigen presenting cells and T cells, and is thus considered to mediate intercellular communication. On the other hand, trogocytosis has also been reported in a variety of unicellular organisms including the protistan (protozoan) parasite <i>Entamoeba histolytica</i>. <i>E. histolytica</i> ingests human T cell line by trogocytosis and acquires complement resistance and cross-dresses major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I on the cell surface. Furthermore, trogocytosis and trogocytosis-like phenomena (nibbling of a live cell, not previously described as trogocytosis) have also been reported in other parasitic protists such as <i>Trichomonas</i>, <i>Plasmodium</i>, <i>Toxoplasma</i>, and free-living amoebae. Thus, trogocytosis is conserved in diverse eukaryotic supergroups as a means of intercellular communication. It is depicting the universality of trogocytosis among eukaryotes. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of trogocytosis in unicellular organisms, including the history of its discovery, taxonomical distribution, roles, and molecular mechanisms.
format	article
author	Kumiko Nakada-Tsukui Tomoyoshi Nozaki
author_facet	Kumiko Nakada-Tsukui Tomoyoshi Nozaki
author_sort	Kumiko Nakada-Tsukui
title	Trogocytosis in Unicellular Eukaryotes
title_short	Trogocytosis in Unicellular Eukaryotes
title_full	Trogocytosis in Unicellular Eukaryotes
title_fullStr	Trogocytosis in Unicellular Eukaryotes
title_full_unstemmed	Trogocytosis in Unicellular Eukaryotes
title_sort	trogocytosis in unicellular eukaryotes
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/c9e004c4952d40b786abe1705d8bf837
work_keys_str_mv	AT kumikonakadatsukui trogocytosisinunicellulareukaryotes AT tomoyoshinozaki trogocytosisinunicellulareukaryotes
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Trogocytosis in Unicellular Eukaryotes

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