Bone density and genomic analysis unfold cold adaptation mechanisms of ancient inhabitants of Tierra del Fuego

Abstract The Fuegians, ancient inhabitants of Tierra del Fuego, are an exemplary case of a cold-adapted population, since they were capable of living in extreme climatic conditions without any adequate clothing. However, the mechanisms of their extraordinary resistance to cold remain enigmatic. Brow...

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Autores principales:	Mikiko Watanabe, Renata Risi, Mary Anne Tafuri, Valentina Silvestri, Daniel D’Andrea, Domenico Raimondo, Sandra Rea, Fabio Di Vincenzo, Antonio Profico, Dario Tuccinardi, Rosa Sciuto, Sabrina Basciani, Stefania Mariani, Carla Lubrano, Saverio Cinti, Laura Ottini, Giorgio Manzi, Lucio Gnessi
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/c9e3f63201374f519257f4ec9c9438fe
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:c9e3f63201374f519257f4ec9c9438fe2021-12-05T12:13:25ZBone density and genomic analysis unfold cold adaptation mechanisms of ancient inhabitants of Tierra del Fuego10.1038/s41598-021-02783-12045-2322https://doaj.org/article/c9e3f63201374f519257f4ec9c9438fe2021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-02783-1https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract The Fuegians, ancient inhabitants of Tierra del Fuego, are an exemplary case of a cold-adapted population, since they were capable of living in extreme climatic conditions without any adequate clothing. However, the mechanisms of their extraordinary resistance to cold remain enigmatic. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays a crucial role in this kind of adaptation, besides having a protective role on the detrimental effect of low temperatures on bone structure. Skeletal remains of 12 adult Fuegians, collected in the second half of XIX century, were analyzed for bone mineral density and structure. We show that, despite the unfavorable climate, bone mineral density of Fuegians was close to that seen in modern humans living in temperate zones. Furthermore, we report significant differences between Fuegians and other cold-adapted populations in the frequency of the Homeobox protein Hox-C4 (HOXC4) rs190771160 variant, a gene involved in BAT differentiation, whose identified variant is predicted to upregulate HOXC4 expression. Greater BAT accumulation might therefore explain the Fuegians extreme cold-resistance and the protection against major cold-related damage. These results increase our understanding of how ecological challenges have been important drivers of human–environment interactions during Humankind history.Mikiko WatanabeRenata RisiMary Anne TafuriValentina SilvestriDaniel D’AndreaDomenico RaimondoSandra ReaFabio Di VincenzoAntonio ProficoDario TuccinardiRosa SciutoSabrina BascianiStefania MarianiCarla LubranoSaverio CintiLaura OttiniGiorgio ManziLucio GnessiNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-9 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Mikiko Watanabe Renata Risi Mary Anne Tafuri Valentina Silvestri Daniel D’Andrea Domenico Raimondo Sandra Rea Fabio Di Vincenzo Antonio Profico Dario Tuccinardi Rosa Sciuto Sabrina Basciani Stefania Mariani Carla Lubrano Saverio Cinti Laura Ottini Giorgio Manzi Lucio Gnessi Bone density and genomic analysis unfold cold adaptation mechanisms of ancient inhabitants of Tierra del Fuego
description	Abstract The Fuegians, ancient inhabitants of Tierra del Fuego, are an exemplary case of a cold-adapted population, since they were capable of living in extreme climatic conditions without any adequate clothing. However, the mechanisms of their extraordinary resistance to cold remain enigmatic. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays a crucial role in this kind of adaptation, besides having a protective role on the detrimental effect of low temperatures on bone structure. Skeletal remains of 12 adult Fuegians, collected in the second half of XIX century, were analyzed for bone mineral density and structure. We show that, despite the unfavorable climate, bone mineral density of Fuegians was close to that seen in modern humans living in temperate zones. Furthermore, we report significant differences between Fuegians and other cold-adapted populations in the frequency of the Homeobox protein Hox-C4 (HOXC4) rs190771160 variant, a gene involved in BAT differentiation, whose identified variant is predicted to upregulate HOXC4 expression. Greater BAT accumulation might therefore explain the Fuegians extreme cold-resistance and the protection against major cold-related damage. These results increase our understanding of how ecological challenges have been important drivers of human–environment interactions during Humankind history.
format	article
author	Mikiko Watanabe Renata Risi Mary Anne Tafuri Valentina Silvestri Daniel D’Andrea Domenico Raimondo Sandra Rea Fabio Di Vincenzo Antonio Profico Dario Tuccinardi Rosa Sciuto Sabrina Basciani Stefania Mariani Carla Lubrano Saverio Cinti Laura Ottini Giorgio Manzi Lucio Gnessi
author_facet	Mikiko Watanabe Renata Risi Mary Anne Tafuri Valentina Silvestri Daniel D’Andrea Domenico Raimondo Sandra Rea Fabio Di Vincenzo Antonio Profico Dario Tuccinardi Rosa Sciuto Sabrina Basciani Stefania Mariani Carla Lubrano Saverio Cinti Laura Ottini Giorgio Manzi Lucio Gnessi
author_sort	Mikiko Watanabe
title	Bone density and genomic analysis unfold cold adaptation mechanisms of ancient inhabitants of Tierra del Fuego
title_short	Bone density and genomic analysis unfold cold adaptation mechanisms of ancient inhabitants of Tierra del Fuego
title_full	Bone density and genomic analysis unfold cold adaptation mechanisms of ancient inhabitants of Tierra del Fuego
title_fullStr	Bone density and genomic analysis unfold cold adaptation mechanisms of ancient inhabitants of Tierra del Fuego
title_full_unstemmed	Bone density and genomic analysis unfold cold adaptation mechanisms of ancient inhabitants of Tierra del Fuego
title_sort	bone density and genomic analysis unfold cold adaptation mechanisms of ancient inhabitants of tierra del fuego
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/c9e3f63201374f519257f4ec9c9438fe
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Bone density and genomic analysis unfold cold adaptation mechanisms of ancient inhabitants of Tierra del Fuego

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