Drivers’ Intentions to Use Different Functionalities of Conditionally Automated Cars: A Survey Study of 18,631 Drivers from 17 Countries

A number of studies have investigated the acceptance of conditionally automated cars (CACs). However, in the future, CACs will comprise of several separate Automated Driving Functions (ADFs), which will allow the vehicle to operate in different Operational Design Domains (ODDs). Driving in different...

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Autores principales:	Tyron Louw, Ruth Madigan, Yee Mun Lee, Sina Nordhoff, Esko Lehtonen, Satu Innamaa, Fanny Malin, Afsane Bjorvatn, Natasha Merat
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	automated driving acceptance survey individual differences Medicine R
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/c9e6c6199afb4b63ae241ef2a84a189b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:c9e6c6199afb4b63ae241ef2a84a189b2021-11-25T17:50:41ZDrivers’ Intentions to Use Different Functionalities of Conditionally Automated Cars: A Survey Study of 18,631 Drivers from 17 Countries10.3390/ijerph1822120541660-46011661-7827https://doaj.org/article/c9e6c6199afb4b63ae241ef2a84a189b2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/22/12054https://doaj.org/toc/1661-7827https://doaj.org/toc/1660-4601A number of studies have investigated the acceptance of conditionally automated cars (CACs). However, in the future, CACs will comprise of several separate Automated Driving Functions (ADFs), which will allow the vehicle to operate in different Operational Design Domains (ODDs). Driving in different environments places differing demands on drivers. Yet, little research has focused on drivers’ intention to use different functions, and how this may vary by their age, gender, country of residence, and previous experience with Advanced Driving Assistance Systems (ADAS). Data from an online survey of 18,631 car drivers from 17 countries (8 European) was used in this study to investigate intention to use an ADF in one of four different ODDs: Motorways, Traffic Jams, Urban Roads, and Parking. Intention to use was high across all ADFs, but significantly higher for Parking than all others. Overall, intention to use was highest amongst respondents who were younger (<39), male, and had previous experience with ADAS. However, these trends varied widely across countries, and for the different ADFs. Respondents from countries with the lowest Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and highest road death rates had the highest intention to use all ADFs, while the opposite was found for countries with high GDP and low road death rates. These results suggest that development and deployment strategies for CACs may need to be tailored to different markets, to ensure uptake and safe use.Tyron LouwRuth MadiganYee Mun LeeSina NordhoffEsko LehtonenSatu InnamaaFanny MalinAfsane BjorvatnNatasha MeratMDPI AGarticleautomated drivingacceptancesurveyindividual differencesMedicineRENInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 18, Iss 12054, p 12054 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	automated driving acceptance survey individual differences Medicine R
spellingShingle	automated driving acceptance survey individual differences Medicine R Tyron Louw Ruth Madigan Yee Mun Lee Sina Nordhoff Esko Lehtonen Satu Innamaa Fanny Malin Afsane Bjorvatn Natasha Merat Drivers’ Intentions to Use Different Functionalities of Conditionally Automated Cars: A Survey Study of 18,631 Drivers from 17 Countries
description	A number of studies have investigated the acceptance of conditionally automated cars (CACs). However, in the future, CACs will comprise of several separate Automated Driving Functions (ADFs), which will allow the vehicle to operate in different Operational Design Domains (ODDs). Driving in different environments places differing demands on drivers. Yet, little research has focused on drivers’ intention to use different functions, and how this may vary by their age, gender, country of residence, and previous experience with Advanced Driving Assistance Systems (ADAS). Data from an online survey of 18,631 car drivers from 17 countries (8 European) was used in this study to investigate intention to use an ADF in one of four different ODDs: Motorways, Traffic Jams, Urban Roads, and Parking. Intention to use was high across all ADFs, but significantly higher for Parking than all others. Overall, intention to use was highest amongst respondents who were younger (<39), male, and had previous experience with ADAS. However, these trends varied widely across countries, and for the different ADFs. Respondents from countries with the lowest Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and highest road death rates had the highest intention to use all ADFs, while the opposite was found for countries with high GDP and low road death rates. These results suggest that development and deployment strategies for CACs may need to be tailored to different markets, to ensure uptake and safe use.
format	article
author	Tyron Louw Ruth Madigan Yee Mun Lee Sina Nordhoff Esko Lehtonen Satu Innamaa Fanny Malin Afsane Bjorvatn Natasha Merat
author_facet	Tyron Louw Ruth Madigan Yee Mun Lee Sina Nordhoff Esko Lehtonen Satu Innamaa Fanny Malin Afsane Bjorvatn Natasha Merat
author_sort	Tyron Louw
title	Drivers’ Intentions to Use Different Functionalities of Conditionally Automated Cars: A Survey Study of 18,631 Drivers from 17 Countries
title_short	Drivers’ Intentions to Use Different Functionalities of Conditionally Automated Cars: A Survey Study of 18,631 Drivers from 17 Countries
title_full	Drivers’ Intentions to Use Different Functionalities of Conditionally Automated Cars: A Survey Study of 18,631 Drivers from 17 Countries
title_fullStr	Drivers’ Intentions to Use Different Functionalities of Conditionally Automated Cars: A Survey Study of 18,631 Drivers from 17 Countries
title_full_unstemmed	Drivers’ Intentions to Use Different Functionalities of Conditionally Automated Cars: A Survey Study of 18,631 Drivers from 17 Countries
title_sort	drivers’ intentions to use different functionalities of conditionally automated cars: a survey study of 18,631 drivers from 17 countries
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/c9e6c6199afb4b63ae241ef2a84a189b
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Drivers’ Intentions to Use Different Functionalities of Conditionally Automated Cars: A Survey Study of 18,631 Drivers from 17 Countries

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