fMRI Evidence for Default Mode Network Deactivation Associated with Rapid Eye Movements in Sleep

System-specific brain responses—time-locked to rapid eye movements (REMs) in sleep—are characteristically widespread, with robust and clear activation in the primary visual cortex and other structures involved in multisensory integration. This pattern suggests that REMs underwrite hierarchical proce...

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Autores principales:	Charles Chong-Hwa Hong, James H. Fallon, Karl J. Friston
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	default mode network (DMN) rapid eye movements (REMs) in sleep hierarchical predictive coding visual perception dream retrosplenial cortex Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/c9e8724f024d4789a856cdf56a561787
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:c9e8724f024d4789a856cdf56a561787
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:c9e8724f024d4789a856cdf56a5617872021-11-25T16:59:10ZfMRI Evidence for Default Mode Network Deactivation Associated with Rapid Eye Movements in Sleep10.3390/brainsci111115282076-3425https://doaj.org/article/c9e8724f024d4789a856cdf56a5617872021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/11/11/1528https://doaj.org/toc/2076-3425System-specific brain responses—time-locked to rapid eye movements (REMs) in sleep—are characteristically widespread, with robust and clear activation in the primary visual cortex and other structures involved in multisensory integration. This pattern suggests that REMs underwrite hierarchical processing of visual information in a time-locked manner, where REMs index the generation and scanning of virtual-world models, through multisensory integration in dreaming—as in awake states. Default mode network (DMN) activity increases during rest and reduces during various tasks including visual perception. The implicit anticorrelation between the DMN and task-positive network (TPN)—that persists in REM sleep—prompted us to focus on DMN responses to temporally-precise REM events. We timed REMs during sleep from the video recordings and quantified the neural correlates of REMs—using functional MRI (fMRI)—in 24 independent studies of 11 healthy participants. A reanalysis of these data revealed that the cortical areas exempt from widespread REM-locked brain activation were restricted to the DMN. Furthermore, our analysis revealed a modest temporally-precise REM-locked decrease—phasic deactivation—in key DMN nodes, in a subset of independent studies. These results are consistent with hierarchical predictive coding; namely, permissive deactivation of DMN at the top of the hierarchy (leading to the widespread cortical activation at lower levels; especially the primary visual cortex). Additional findings indicate REM-locked cerebral vasodilation and suggest putative mechanisms for dream forgetting.Charles Chong-Hwa HongJames H. FallonKarl J. FristonMDPI AGarticledefault mode network (DMN)rapid eye movements (REMs) in sleephierarchical predictive codingvisual perceptiondreamretrosplenial cortexNeurosciences. Biological psychiatry. NeuropsychiatryRC321-571ENBrain Sciences, Vol 11, Iss 1528, p 1528 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	default mode network (DMN) rapid eye movements (REMs) in sleep hierarchical predictive coding visual perception dream retrosplenial cortex Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571
spellingShingle	default mode network (DMN) rapid eye movements (REMs) in sleep hierarchical predictive coding visual perception dream retrosplenial cortex Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Charles Chong-Hwa Hong James H. Fallon Karl J. Friston fMRI Evidence for Default Mode Network Deactivation Associated with Rapid Eye Movements in Sleep
description	System-specific brain responses—time-locked to rapid eye movements (REMs) in sleep—are characteristically widespread, with robust and clear activation in the primary visual cortex and other structures involved in multisensory integration. This pattern suggests that REMs underwrite hierarchical processing of visual information in a time-locked manner, where REMs index the generation and scanning of virtual-world models, through multisensory integration in dreaming—as in awake states. Default mode network (DMN) activity increases during rest and reduces during various tasks including visual perception. The implicit anticorrelation between the DMN and task-positive network (TPN)—that persists in REM sleep—prompted us to focus on DMN responses to temporally-precise REM events. We timed REMs during sleep from the video recordings and quantified the neural correlates of REMs—using functional MRI (fMRI)—in 24 independent studies of 11 healthy participants. A reanalysis of these data revealed that the cortical areas exempt from widespread REM-locked brain activation were restricted to the DMN. Furthermore, our analysis revealed a modest temporally-precise REM-locked decrease—phasic deactivation—in key DMN nodes, in a subset of independent studies. These results are consistent with hierarchical predictive coding; namely, permissive deactivation of DMN at the top of the hierarchy (leading to the widespread cortical activation at lower levels; especially the primary visual cortex). Additional findings indicate REM-locked cerebral vasodilation and suggest putative mechanisms for dream forgetting.
format	article
author	Charles Chong-Hwa Hong James H. Fallon Karl J. Friston
author_facet	Charles Chong-Hwa Hong James H. Fallon Karl J. Friston
author_sort	Charles Chong-Hwa Hong
title	fMRI Evidence for Default Mode Network Deactivation Associated with Rapid Eye Movements in Sleep
title_short	fMRI Evidence for Default Mode Network Deactivation Associated with Rapid Eye Movements in Sleep
title_full	fMRI Evidence for Default Mode Network Deactivation Associated with Rapid Eye Movements in Sleep
title_fullStr	fMRI Evidence for Default Mode Network Deactivation Associated with Rapid Eye Movements in Sleep
title_full_unstemmed	fMRI Evidence for Default Mode Network Deactivation Associated with Rapid Eye Movements in Sleep
title_sort	fmri evidence for default mode network deactivation associated with rapid eye movements in sleep
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/c9e8724f024d4789a856cdf56a561787
work_keys_str_mv	AT charleschonghwahong fmrievidencefordefaultmodenetworkdeactivationassociatedwithrapideyemovementsinsleep AT jameshfallon fmrievidencefordefaultmodenetworkdeactivationassociatedwithrapideyemovementsinsleep AT karljfriston fmrievidencefordefaultmodenetworkdeactivationassociatedwithrapideyemovementsinsleep
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fMRI Evidence for Default Mode Network Deactivation Associated with Rapid Eye Movements in Sleep

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