Warming Arctic summers unlikely to increase productivity of shorebirds through renesting

Abstract Climate change in the Arctic is leading to earlier summers, creating a phenological mismatch between the hatching of insectivorous birds and the availability of their invertebrate prey. While phenological mismatch would presumably lower the survival of chicks, climate change is also leading...

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Autores principales:	Sarah T. Saalfeld, Brooke L. Hill, Christine M. Hunter, Charles J. Frost, Richard B. Lanctot
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/c9ed1af2b647484d915ba38cda00e56d
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:c9ed1af2b647484d915ba38cda00e56d2021-12-02T16:06:43ZWarming Arctic summers unlikely to increase productivity of shorebirds through renesting10.1038/s41598-021-94788-z2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/c9ed1af2b647484d915ba38cda00e56d2021-07-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-94788-zhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Climate change in the Arctic is leading to earlier summers, creating a phenological mismatch between the hatching of insectivorous birds and the availability of their invertebrate prey. While phenological mismatch would presumably lower the survival of chicks, climate change is also leading to longer, warmer summers that may increase the annual productivity of birds by allowing adults to lay nests over a longer period of time, replace more nests that fail, and provide physiological relief to chicks (i.e., warmer temperatures that reduce thermoregulatory costs). However, there is little information on how these competing ecological processes will ultimately impact the demography of bird populations. In 2008 and 2009, we investigated the survival of chicks from initial and experimentally-induced replacement nests of arcticola Dunlin (Calidris alpina) breeding near Utqiaġvik, Alaska. We monitored survival of 66 broods from 41 initial and 25 replacement nests. Based on the average hatch date of each group, chick survival (up to age 15 days) from replacement nests (Ŝ i = 0.10; 95% CI = 0.02–0.22) was substantially lower than initial nests (Ŝ i = 0.67; 95% CI = 0.48–0.81). Daily survival rates were greater for older chicks, chicks from earlier-laid clutches, and during periods of greater invertebrate availability. As temperature was less important to daily survival rates of shorebird chicks than invertebrate availability, our results indicate that any physiological relief experienced by chicks will likely be overshadowed by the need for adequate food. Furthermore, the processes creating a phenological mismatch between hatching of shorebird young and invertebrate emergence ensures that warmer, longer breeding seasons will not translate into abundant food throughout the longer summers. Thus, despite having a greater opportunity to nest later (and potentially replace nests), young from these late-hatching broods will likely not have sufficient food to survive. Collectively, these results indicate that warmer, longer summers in the Arctic are unlikely to increase annual recruitment rates, and thus unable to compensate for low adult survival, which is typically limited by factors away from the Arctic-breeding grounds.Sarah T. SaalfeldBrooke L. HillChristine M. HunterCharles J. FrostRichard B. LanctotNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-13 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Sarah T. Saalfeld Brooke L. Hill Christine M. Hunter Charles J. Frost Richard B. Lanctot Warming Arctic summers unlikely to increase productivity of shorebirds through renesting
description	Abstract Climate change in the Arctic is leading to earlier summers, creating a phenological mismatch between the hatching of insectivorous birds and the availability of their invertebrate prey. While phenological mismatch would presumably lower the survival of chicks, climate change is also leading to longer, warmer summers that may increase the annual productivity of birds by allowing adults to lay nests over a longer period of time, replace more nests that fail, and provide physiological relief to chicks (i.e., warmer temperatures that reduce thermoregulatory costs). However, there is little information on how these competing ecological processes will ultimately impact the demography of bird populations. In 2008 and 2009, we investigated the survival of chicks from initial and experimentally-induced replacement nests of arcticola Dunlin (Calidris alpina) breeding near Utqiaġvik, Alaska. We monitored survival of 66 broods from 41 initial and 25 replacement nests. Based on the average hatch date of each group, chick survival (up to age 15 days) from replacement nests (Ŝ i = 0.10; 95% CI = 0.02–0.22) was substantially lower than initial nests (Ŝ i = 0.67; 95% CI = 0.48–0.81). Daily survival rates were greater for older chicks, chicks from earlier-laid clutches, and during periods of greater invertebrate availability. As temperature was less important to daily survival rates of shorebird chicks than invertebrate availability, our results indicate that any physiological relief experienced by chicks will likely be overshadowed by the need for adequate food. Furthermore, the processes creating a phenological mismatch between hatching of shorebird young and invertebrate emergence ensures that warmer, longer breeding seasons will not translate into abundant food throughout the longer summers. Thus, despite having a greater opportunity to nest later (and potentially replace nests), young from these late-hatching broods will likely not have sufficient food to survive. Collectively, these results indicate that warmer, longer summers in the Arctic are unlikely to increase annual recruitment rates, and thus unable to compensate for low adult survival, which is typically limited by factors away from the Arctic-breeding grounds.
format	article
author	Sarah T. Saalfeld Brooke L. Hill Christine M. Hunter Charles J. Frost Richard B. Lanctot
author_facet	Sarah T. Saalfeld Brooke L. Hill Christine M. Hunter Charles J. Frost Richard B. Lanctot
author_sort	Sarah T. Saalfeld
title	Warming Arctic summers unlikely to increase productivity of shorebirds through renesting
title_short	Warming Arctic summers unlikely to increase productivity of shorebirds through renesting
title_full	Warming Arctic summers unlikely to increase productivity of shorebirds through renesting
title_fullStr	Warming Arctic summers unlikely to increase productivity of shorebirds through renesting
title_full_unstemmed	Warming Arctic summers unlikely to increase productivity of shorebirds through renesting
title_sort	warming arctic summers unlikely to increase productivity of shorebirds through renesting
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/c9ed1af2b647484d915ba38cda00e56d
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Warming Arctic summers unlikely to increase productivity of shorebirds through renesting

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