DNA Accounting: Tallying Genomes to Detect Adulterated Saffron

The EU General Food Law not only aims at ensuring food safety but also to ‘prevent fraudulent or deceptive practices; the adulteration of food; and any other practices which may mislead the consumer’. Especially the partial or complete, deliberate, and intentional substitution of valuable ingredient...

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Autores principales:	Antoon Lievens, Valentina Paracchini, Danilo Pietretti, Linda Garlant, Alain Maquet, Franz Ulberth
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	food fraud saffron digital PCR next generation sequencing Chemical technology TP1-1185
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/ca03e1f7ef9f494fad14d9b0eeca1d91
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:ca03e1f7ef9f494fad14d9b0eeca1d912021-11-25T17:34:00ZDNA Accounting: Tallying Genomes to Detect Adulterated Saffron10.3390/foods101126702304-8158https://doaj.org/article/ca03e1f7ef9f494fad14d9b0eeca1d912021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/10/11/2670https://doaj.org/toc/2304-8158The EU General Food Law not only aims at ensuring food safety but also to ‘prevent fraudulent or deceptive practices; the adulteration of food; and any other practices which may mislead the consumer’. Especially the partial or complete, deliberate, and intentional substitution of valuable ingredients (e.g., Saffron) for less valuable ones is of concern. Due to the variety of products on the market an approach to detect food adulteration that works well for one species may not be easily applicable to another. Here we present a broadly applicable approach for the detection of substitution of biological materials based on digital PCR. By simultaneously measuring and forecasting the number of genome copies in a sample, fraud is detectable as a discrepancy between these two values. Apart from the choice of target gene, the procedure is identical across all species. It is scalable, rapid, and has a high dynamic range. We provide proof of concept by presenting the analysis of 141 samples of Saffron (<i>Crocus sativus</i>) from across the European market by DNA accounting and the verification of these results by NGS analysis.Antoon LievensValentina ParacchiniDanilo PietrettiLinda GarlantAlain MaquetFranz UlberthMDPI AGarticlefood fraudsaffrondigital PCRnext generation sequencingChemical technologyTP1-1185ENFoods, Vol 10, Iss 2670, p 2670 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	food fraud saffron digital PCR next generation sequencing Chemical technology TP1-1185
spellingShingle	food fraud saffron digital PCR next generation sequencing Chemical technology TP1-1185 Antoon Lievens Valentina Paracchini Danilo Pietretti Linda Garlant Alain Maquet Franz Ulberth DNA Accounting: Tallying Genomes to Detect Adulterated Saffron
description	The EU General Food Law not only aims at ensuring food safety but also to ‘prevent fraudulent or deceptive practices; the adulteration of food; and any other practices which may mislead the consumer’. Especially the partial or complete, deliberate, and intentional substitution of valuable ingredients (e.g., Saffron) for less valuable ones is of concern. Due to the variety of products on the market an approach to detect food adulteration that works well for one species may not be easily applicable to another. Here we present a broadly applicable approach for the detection of substitution of biological materials based on digital PCR. By simultaneously measuring and forecasting the number of genome copies in a sample, fraud is detectable as a discrepancy between these two values. Apart from the choice of target gene, the procedure is identical across all species. It is scalable, rapid, and has a high dynamic range. We provide proof of concept by presenting the analysis of 141 samples of Saffron (<i>Crocus sativus</i>) from across the European market by DNA accounting and the verification of these results by NGS analysis.
format	article
author	Antoon Lievens Valentina Paracchini Danilo Pietretti Linda Garlant Alain Maquet Franz Ulberth
author_facet	Antoon Lievens Valentina Paracchini Danilo Pietretti Linda Garlant Alain Maquet Franz Ulberth
author_sort	Antoon Lievens
title	DNA Accounting: Tallying Genomes to Detect Adulterated Saffron
title_short	DNA Accounting: Tallying Genomes to Detect Adulterated Saffron
title_full	DNA Accounting: Tallying Genomes to Detect Adulterated Saffron
title_fullStr	DNA Accounting: Tallying Genomes to Detect Adulterated Saffron
title_full_unstemmed	DNA Accounting: Tallying Genomes to Detect Adulterated Saffron
title_sort	dna accounting: tallying genomes to detect adulterated saffron
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/ca03e1f7ef9f494fad14d9b0eeca1d91
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DNA Accounting: Tallying Genomes to Detect Adulterated Saffron

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