Migratory connectivity and annual cycle phenology of Rusty Blackbirds (Euphagus carolinus) revealed through archival GPS tags

Understanding spatial and temporal movement patterns of migratory birds throughout the annual cycle can help identify potential population threats. The behavior and habitat use of birds during migration and stopover periods is particularly understudied in many species. In this study, we used high sp...

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Autores principales:	James R. Wright, James A. Johnson, Erin Bayne, Luke L. Powell, Carol R. Foss, Jeremiah C. Kennedy, Peter P. Marra
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Resilience Alliance 2021
Materias:	bird migration <span style="font-style: normal">euphagus carolinus</span> full annual cycle habitat use icteridae life-history stages stopover ecology Plant culture SB1-1110 Environmental sciences GE1-350 Plant ecology QK900-989
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/ca1d851514af4332b48ebbb70fe6a999
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:ca1d851514af4332b48ebbb70fe6a9992021-11-15T16:40:14ZMigratory connectivity and annual cycle phenology of Rusty Blackbirds (Euphagus carolinus) revealed through archival GPS tags1712-6568https://doaj.org/article/ca1d851514af4332b48ebbb70fe6a9992021-06-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ace-eco.org/vol16/iss1/art20/https://doaj.org/toc/1712-6568Understanding spatial and temporal movement patterns of migratory birds throughout the annual cycle can help identify potential population threats. The behavior and habitat use of birds during migration and stopover periods is particularly understudied in many species. In this study, we used high spatial resolution archival GPS tags to track Rusty Blackbirds (Euphagus carolinus) from one eastern (New Hampshire) and two western (Alaska and Alberta) breeding populations across the annual cycle. We sought to determine: 1) migratory connectivity of the three distinct populations; 2) migratory phenology, behavior, and time spent during each phase of the annual cycle; and 3) habitat use of individuals throughout the nonbreeding period. We retrieved 7 tags from 30 tagged individuals following 1-year deployments. We found that four Alberta individuals overwintered in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley, two Alaska individuals overwintered in either the Great Plains or the Mississippi Alluvial Valley, and the single New Hampshire individual overwintered on the Southeastern Coastal Plain. Length of annual cycle stages varied among individuals, with the combined migratory periods occupying between 12% and 48% of the annual cycle. Stopover behavior was also widely variable, as minimum convex polygons of stopovers ranged from < 1 hectare to 505 km² and stopover durations ranged from 1 to 35 days (n = 40 stopovers). Birds predominantly used woody wetlands and emergent marsh during the nonbreeding period, but habitat use differed between roosting and foraging. Marshes were used more for nocturnal roosting, whereas woody wetlands were used for diurnal foraging. Our results can help efforts to conserve this declining species by targeting regions and habitats at specific times of year for management during the nonbreeding period. In particular, the large amount of time spent during migration periods suggests conservation efforts in stopover regions are just as important as those on the wintering grounds.James R. WrightJames A. JohnsonErin BayneLuke L. PowellCarol R. FossJeremiah C. KennedyPeter P. MarraResilience Alliancearticlebird migration<span style="font-style: normal">euphagus carolinus</span>full annual cyclehabitat useicteridaelife-history stagesstopover ecologyPlant cultureSB1-1110Environmental sciencesGE1-350Plant ecologyQK900-989ENAvian Conservation and Ecology, Vol 16, Iss 1, p 20 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	bird migration <span style="font-style: normal">euphagus carolinus</span> full annual cycle habitat use icteridae life-history stages stopover ecology Plant culture SB1-1110 Environmental sciences GE1-350 Plant ecology QK900-989
spellingShingle	bird migration <span style="font-style: normal">euphagus carolinus</span> full annual cycle habitat use icteridae life-history stages stopover ecology Plant culture SB1-1110 Environmental sciences GE1-350 Plant ecology QK900-989 James R. Wright James A. Johnson Erin Bayne Luke L. Powell Carol R. Foss Jeremiah C. Kennedy Peter P. Marra Migratory connectivity and annual cycle phenology of Rusty Blackbirds (Euphagus carolinus) revealed through archival GPS tags
description	Understanding spatial and temporal movement patterns of migratory birds throughout the annual cycle can help identify potential population threats. The behavior and habitat use of birds during migration and stopover periods is particularly understudied in many species. In this study, we used high spatial resolution archival GPS tags to track Rusty Blackbirds (Euphagus carolinus) from one eastern (New Hampshire) and two western (Alaska and Alberta) breeding populations across the annual cycle. We sought to determine: 1) migratory connectivity of the three distinct populations; 2) migratory phenology, behavior, and time spent during each phase of the annual cycle; and 3) habitat use of individuals throughout the nonbreeding period. We retrieved 7 tags from 30 tagged individuals following 1-year deployments. We found that four Alberta individuals overwintered in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley, two Alaska individuals overwintered in either the Great Plains or the Mississippi Alluvial Valley, and the single New Hampshire individual overwintered on the Southeastern Coastal Plain. Length of annual cycle stages varied among individuals, with the combined migratory periods occupying between 12% and 48% of the annual cycle. Stopover behavior was also widely variable, as minimum convex polygons of stopovers ranged from < 1 hectare to 505 km² and stopover durations ranged from 1 to 35 days (n = 40 stopovers). Birds predominantly used woody wetlands and emergent marsh during the nonbreeding period, but habitat use differed between roosting and foraging. Marshes were used more for nocturnal roosting, whereas woody wetlands were used for diurnal foraging. Our results can help efforts to conserve this declining species by targeting regions and habitats at specific times of year for management during the nonbreeding period. In particular, the large amount of time spent during migration periods suggests conservation efforts in stopover regions are just as important as those on the wintering grounds.
format	article
author	James R. Wright James A. Johnson Erin Bayne Luke L. Powell Carol R. Foss Jeremiah C. Kennedy Peter P. Marra
author_facet	James R. Wright James A. Johnson Erin Bayne Luke L. Powell Carol R. Foss Jeremiah C. Kennedy Peter P. Marra
author_sort	James R. Wright
title	Migratory connectivity and annual cycle phenology of Rusty Blackbirds (Euphagus carolinus) revealed through archival GPS tags
title_short	Migratory connectivity and annual cycle phenology of Rusty Blackbirds (Euphagus carolinus) revealed through archival GPS tags
title_full	Migratory connectivity and annual cycle phenology of Rusty Blackbirds (Euphagus carolinus) revealed through archival GPS tags
title_fullStr	Migratory connectivity and annual cycle phenology of Rusty Blackbirds (Euphagus carolinus) revealed through archival GPS tags
title_full_unstemmed	Migratory connectivity and annual cycle phenology of Rusty Blackbirds (Euphagus carolinus) revealed through archival GPS tags
title_sort	migratory connectivity and annual cycle phenology of rusty blackbirds (euphagus carolinus) revealed through archival gps tags
publisher	Resilience Alliance
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/ca1d851514af4332b48ebbb70fe6a999
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Migratory connectivity and annual cycle phenology of Rusty Blackbirds (Euphagus carolinus) revealed through archival GPS tags

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