The Trajectory of Targets and Critical Lures in the Deese/Roediger–McDermott Paradigm: A Systematic Review

The Deese/Roediger–McDermott (DRM) paradigm has been used extensively to examine false memory. During the study session, participants learn lists of semantically related items (e.g., pillow, blanket, tired, bed), referred to as targets. Critical lures are items which are also associated with the lis...

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Autores principales:	Patricia I. Coburn, Kirandeep K. Dogra, Iarenjit K. Rai, Daniel M. Bernstein
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	Deese/Roediger–McDermott (DRM) paradigm critical lures targets trajectory false memory Fuzzy Trace Theory Psychology BF1-990
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/ca5224d1bbf94a04a7e45c8dbe6e6252
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:ca5224d1bbf94a04a7e45c8dbe6e62522021-12-03T04:31:28ZThe Trajectory of Targets and Critical Lures in the Deese/Roediger–McDermott Paradigm: A Systematic Review1664-107810.3389/fpsyg.2021.718818https://doaj.org/article/ca5224d1bbf94a04a7e45c8dbe6e62522021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.718818/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1664-1078The Deese/Roediger–McDermott (DRM) paradigm has been used extensively to examine false memory. During the study session, participants learn lists of semantically related items (e.g., pillow, blanket, tired, bed), referred to as targets. Critical lures are items which are also associated with the lists but are intentionally omitted from study (e.g., sleep). At test, when asked to remember targets, participants often report false memories for critical lures. Findings from experiments using the DRM show the ease with which false memories develop in the absence of suggestion or misinformation. Given this, it is important to examine factors which influence the generalizability of the findings. One important factor is the persistence of false memory, or how long false memories last. Therefore, we conducted a systemic review to answer this research question: What is the persistence of false memory for specific items in the DRM paradigm? To help answer this question our review had two research objectives: (1) to examine the trajectory of target memory and false memory for critical lures and (2) to examine whether memory for targets exceeded false memory for critical lures. We included empirical articles which tested memory for the same DRM lists with at least two testing sessions. We discuss the results with respect to single-session delays, long-term memory recall and recognition, remember and know judgments for memory, and the effect of development, valence, warning, and connectivity on the trajectory of memory. Overall, the trajectory of targets showed a relatively consistent pattern of decrease across delay. The trajectory of critical lures was inconsistent. The proportion of targets versus critical lures across delay was also inconsistent. Despite the inconsistencies, we conclude that targets and critical lures have a dissimilar trajectory across delay and that critical lures are more persistent than targets. The findings with respect to long-term recall and recognition are consistent with both Fuzzy Trace Theory and Associative-Activation Theory of the DRM effect. The generation of false memory with brief delays (3–4 s) is better explained by Associative-Activation Theory. Examining the connectivity between target items, and critical lures, and the effect that has during study and retrieval, can provide insight into the persistence of false memory for critical lures.Patricia I. CoburnKirandeep K. DograIarenjit K. RaiDaniel M. BernsteinDaniel M. BernsteinFrontiers Media S.A.articleDeese/Roediger–McDermott (DRM) paradigmcritical lurestargetstrajectoryfalse memoryFuzzy Trace TheoryPsychologyBF1-990ENFrontiers in Psychology, Vol 12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Deese/Roediger–McDermott (DRM) paradigm critical lures targets trajectory false memory Fuzzy Trace Theory Psychology BF1-990
spellingShingle	Deese/Roediger–McDermott (DRM) paradigm critical lures targets trajectory false memory Fuzzy Trace Theory Psychology BF1-990 Patricia I. Coburn Kirandeep K. Dogra Iarenjit K. Rai Daniel M. Bernstein Daniel M. Bernstein The Trajectory of Targets and Critical Lures in the Deese/Roediger–McDermott Paradigm: A Systematic Review
description	The Deese/Roediger–McDermott (DRM) paradigm has been used extensively to examine false memory. During the study session, participants learn lists of semantically related items (e.g., pillow, blanket, tired, bed), referred to as targets. Critical lures are items which are also associated with the lists but are intentionally omitted from study (e.g., sleep). At test, when asked to remember targets, participants often report false memories for critical lures. Findings from experiments using the DRM show the ease with which false memories develop in the absence of suggestion or misinformation. Given this, it is important to examine factors which influence the generalizability of the findings. One important factor is the persistence of false memory, or how long false memories last. Therefore, we conducted a systemic review to answer this research question: What is the persistence of false memory for specific items in the DRM paradigm? To help answer this question our review had two research objectives: (1) to examine the trajectory of target memory and false memory for critical lures and (2) to examine whether memory for targets exceeded false memory for critical lures. We included empirical articles which tested memory for the same DRM lists with at least two testing sessions. We discuss the results with respect to single-session delays, long-term memory recall and recognition, remember and know judgments for memory, and the effect of development, valence, warning, and connectivity on the trajectory of memory. Overall, the trajectory of targets showed a relatively consistent pattern of decrease across delay. The trajectory of critical lures was inconsistent. The proportion of targets versus critical lures across delay was also inconsistent. Despite the inconsistencies, we conclude that targets and critical lures have a dissimilar trajectory across delay and that critical lures are more persistent than targets. The findings with respect to long-term recall and recognition are consistent with both Fuzzy Trace Theory and Associative-Activation Theory of the DRM effect. The generation of false memory with brief delays (3–4 s) is better explained by Associative-Activation Theory. Examining the connectivity between target items, and critical lures, and the effect that has during study and retrieval, can provide insight into the persistence of false memory for critical lures.
format	article
author	Patricia I. Coburn Kirandeep K. Dogra Iarenjit K. Rai Daniel M. Bernstein Daniel M. Bernstein
author_facet	Patricia I. Coburn Kirandeep K. Dogra Iarenjit K. Rai Daniel M. Bernstein Daniel M. Bernstein
author_sort	Patricia I. Coburn
title	The Trajectory of Targets and Critical Lures in the Deese/Roediger–McDermott Paradigm: A Systematic Review
title_short	The Trajectory of Targets and Critical Lures in the Deese/Roediger–McDermott Paradigm: A Systematic Review
title_full	The Trajectory of Targets and Critical Lures in the Deese/Roediger–McDermott Paradigm: A Systematic Review
title_fullStr	The Trajectory of Targets and Critical Lures in the Deese/Roediger–McDermott Paradigm: A Systematic Review
title_full_unstemmed	The Trajectory of Targets and Critical Lures in the Deese/Roediger–McDermott Paradigm: A Systematic Review
title_sort	trajectory of targets and critical lures in the deese/roediger–mcdermott paradigm: a systematic review
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/ca5224d1bbf94a04a7e45c8dbe6e6252
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The Trajectory of Targets and Critical Lures in the Deese/Roediger–McDermott Paradigm: A Systematic Review

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