Genetic Diversity and Phylogeny of the Genus <i>Euplotes</i> (Protozoa, Ciliophora) Revealed by the Mitochondrial CO1 and Nuclear Ribosomal Genes

Nuclear ribosomal and mitochondrial genes have been utilized individually or in combination to identify known species and discriminate closely related species. However, compared with metazoans, genetic diversity within the ciliate order Euplotida is poorly known. The aim of this study is to investig...

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Autores principales:	Congcong Wang, Yue Hu, Alan Warren, Xiaozhong Hu
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	ciliate CO1 gene genetic diversity microeukaryote molecular phylogeny SSU rDNA Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/ca553b36dd054131a7eb360e3044dd5f
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:ca553b36dd054131a7eb360e3044dd5f2021-11-25T18:24:14ZGenetic Diversity and Phylogeny of the Genus <i>Euplotes</i> (Protozoa, Ciliophora) Revealed by the Mitochondrial CO1 and Nuclear Ribosomal Genes10.3390/microorganisms91122042076-2607https://doaj.org/article/ca553b36dd054131a7eb360e3044dd5f2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/11/2204https://doaj.org/toc/2076-2607Nuclear ribosomal and mitochondrial genes have been utilized individually or in combination to identify known species and discriminate closely related species. However, compared with metazoans, genetic diversity within the ciliate order Euplotida is poorly known. The aim of this study is to investigate how much nucleotide sequence divergence occurs within <i>Euplotes</i>. A total of 14 new gene sequences, comprising four SSU rDNA and 10 CO1 (including three species for the first time) were obtained. Phylogenetic analyses were carried out based on sequences of two DNA fragments from the same 27 isolates. We found that CO1 revealed a larger interspecific divergence than the SSU rRNA gene, thus demonstrating a higher resolution for separating congeners. Genetic distances differ significantly at the species level. <i>Euplotes balteatus</i> was revealed to have a large intraspecific variation at two loci, while <i>E. vannus</i> showed different levels of haplotype variability, which appeared as a polyphyletic cluster on the CO1 tree. These high genetic divergences suggest the presence of more cryptic species. By contrast, the CO1 gene showed low variability within <i>E. raikovi</i>, appearing as monophyletic clusters, which indicates that this species could be identified based on this gene. Conclusively, CO1 is a suitable marker for the study of genetic diversity within <i>Euplotes</i>, and increased taxon sampling gives an opportunity to screen relationships among members of this genus. Additionally, current data present no clear biogeographical pattern for <i>Euplotes</i>.Congcong WangYue HuAlan WarrenXiaozhong HuMDPI AGarticleciliateCO1 genegenetic diversitymicroeukaryotemolecular phylogenySSU rDNABiology (General)QH301-705.5ENMicroorganisms, Vol 9, Iss 2204, p 2204 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	ciliate CO1 gene genetic diversity microeukaryote molecular phylogeny SSU rDNA Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	ciliate CO1 gene genetic diversity microeukaryote molecular phylogeny SSU rDNA Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Congcong Wang Yue Hu Alan Warren Xiaozhong Hu Genetic Diversity and Phylogeny of the Genus <i>Euplotes</i> (Protozoa, Ciliophora) Revealed by the Mitochondrial CO1 and Nuclear Ribosomal Genes
description	Nuclear ribosomal and mitochondrial genes have been utilized individually or in combination to identify known species and discriminate closely related species. However, compared with metazoans, genetic diversity within the ciliate order Euplotida is poorly known. The aim of this study is to investigate how much nucleotide sequence divergence occurs within <i>Euplotes</i>. A total of 14 new gene sequences, comprising four SSU rDNA and 10 CO1 (including three species for the first time) were obtained. Phylogenetic analyses were carried out based on sequences of two DNA fragments from the same 27 isolates. We found that CO1 revealed a larger interspecific divergence than the SSU rRNA gene, thus demonstrating a higher resolution for separating congeners. Genetic distances differ significantly at the species level. <i>Euplotes balteatus</i> was revealed to have a large intraspecific variation at two loci, while <i>E. vannus</i> showed different levels of haplotype variability, which appeared as a polyphyletic cluster on the CO1 tree. These high genetic divergences suggest the presence of more cryptic species. By contrast, the CO1 gene showed low variability within <i>E. raikovi</i>, appearing as monophyletic clusters, which indicates that this species could be identified based on this gene. Conclusively, CO1 is a suitable marker for the study of genetic diversity within <i>Euplotes</i>, and increased taxon sampling gives an opportunity to screen relationships among members of this genus. Additionally, current data present no clear biogeographical pattern for <i>Euplotes</i>.
format	article
author	Congcong Wang Yue Hu Alan Warren Xiaozhong Hu
author_facet	Congcong Wang Yue Hu Alan Warren Xiaozhong Hu
author_sort	Congcong Wang
title	Genetic Diversity and Phylogeny of the Genus <i>Euplotes</i> (Protozoa, Ciliophora) Revealed by the Mitochondrial CO1 and Nuclear Ribosomal Genes
title_short	Genetic Diversity and Phylogeny of the Genus <i>Euplotes</i> (Protozoa, Ciliophora) Revealed by the Mitochondrial CO1 and Nuclear Ribosomal Genes
title_full	Genetic Diversity and Phylogeny of the Genus <i>Euplotes</i> (Protozoa, Ciliophora) Revealed by the Mitochondrial CO1 and Nuclear Ribosomal Genes
title_fullStr	Genetic Diversity and Phylogeny of the Genus <i>Euplotes</i> (Protozoa, Ciliophora) Revealed by the Mitochondrial CO1 and Nuclear Ribosomal Genes
title_full_unstemmed	Genetic Diversity and Phylogeny of the Genus <i>Euplotes</i> (Protozoa, Ciliophora) Revealed by the Mitochondrial CO1 and Nuclear Ribosomal Genes
title_sort	genetic diversity and phylogeny of the genus <i>euplotes</i> (protozoa, ciliophora) revealed by the mitochondrial co1 and nuclear ribosomal genes
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/ca553b36dd054131a7eb360e3044dd5f
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Genetic Diversity and Phylogeny of the Genus <i>Euplotes</i> (Protozoa, Ciliophora) Revealed by the Mitochondrial CO1 and Nuclear Ribosomal Genes

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