Age-dependence of electromagnetic power and heat deposition in near-surface tissues in emerging 5G bands

Abstract With the development of 5th generation (5G) mobile networks people of different ages will be exposed in the upper part of the microwave spectrum. From the perspective of non-ionizing radiation dosimetry, an accurate analysis of age-dependent electromagnetic power deposition and resulting he...

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Autores principales:	Giulia Sacco, Stefano Pisa, Maxim Zhadobov
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/ca5e8bf9a87441168215add61c4f4e2c
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:ca5e8bf9a87441168215add61c4f4e2c2021-12-02T12:11:50ZAge-dependence of electromagnetic power and heat deposition in near-surface tissues in emerging 5G bands10.1038/s41598-021-82458-z2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/ca5e8bf9a87441168215add61c4f4e2c2021-02-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-82458-zhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract With the development of 5th generation (5G) mobile networks people of different ages will be exposed in the upper part of the microwave spectrum. From the perspective of non-ionizing radiation dosimetry, an accurate analysis of age-dependent electromagnetic power deposition and resulting heating is required. In this study, we evaluate the effect of age on exposure at 26 GHz and 60 GHz. A near-surface tissue model illuminated by a plane wave is used to asses the exposure considering both frequency-independent and frequency-dependent limits. The age-related variation of the skin thickness and tissue electromagnetic properties has been considered. Moreover, the blood flow decrease rate has been taken into account to assess the age-dependent heating. Our results demonstrate that the overall variations of the power density, specific absorption rate (SAR) and heating in the near-surface tissues are limited to about 10–15%. These variations are mainly due to the tissue permittivity and blood flow change with age. In contrast to the transmitted power density that increases with age, the peak SAR decreases at both frequencies. The peak steady-state heating increases from 5 to 70 years old by roughly 11% at 26 GHz and 13% at 60 GHz.Giulia SaccoStefano PisaMaxim ZhadobovNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Giulia Sacco Stefano Pisa Maxim Zhadobov Age-dependence of electromagnetic power and heat deposition in near-surface tissues in emerging 5G bands
description	Abstract With the development of 5th generation (5G) mobile networks people of different ages will be exposed in the upper part of the microwave spectrum. From the perspective of non-ionizing radiation dosimetry, an accurate analysis of age-dependent electromagnetic power deposition and resulting heating is required. In this study, we evaluate the effect of age on exposure at 26 GHz and 60 GHz. A near-surface tissue model illuminated by a plane wave is used to asses the exposure considering both frequency-independent and frequency-dependent limits. The age-related variation of the skin thickness and tissue electromagnetic properties has been considered. Moreover, the blood flow decrease rate has been taken into account to assess the age-dependent heating. Our results demonstrate that the overall variations of the power density, specific absorption rate (SAR) and heating in the near-surface tissues are limited to about 10–15%. These variations are mainly due to the tissue permittivity and blood flow change with age. In contrast to the transmitted power density that increases with age, the peak SAR decreases at both frequencies. The peak steady-state heating increases from 5 to 70 years old by roughly 11% at 26 GHz and 13% at 60 GHz.
format	article
author	Giulia Sacco Stefano Pisa Maxim Zhadobov
author_facet	Giulia Sacco Stefano Pisa Maxim Zhadobov
author_sort	Giulia Sacco
title	Age-dependence of electromagnetic power and heat deposition in near-surface tissues in emerging 5G bands
title_short	Age-dependence of electromagnetic power and heat deposition in near-surface tissues in emerging 5G bands
title_full	Age-dependence of electromagnetic power and heat deposition in near-surface tissues in emerging 5G bands
title_fullStr	Age-dependence of electromagnetic power and heat deposition in near-surface tissues in emerging 5G bands
title_full_unstemmed	Age-dependence of electromagnetic power and heat deposition in near-surface tissues in emerging 5G bands
title_sort	age-dependence of electromagnetic power and heat deposition in near-surface tissues in emerging 5g bands
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/ca5e8bf9a87441168215add61c4f4e2c
work_keys_str_mv	AT giuliasacco agedependenceofelectromagneticpowerandheatdepositioninnearsurfacetissuesinemerging5gbands AT stefanopisa agedependenceofelectromagneticpowerandheatdepositioninnearsurfacetissuesinemerging5gbands AT maximzhadobov agedependenceofelectromagneticpowerandheatdepositioninnearsurfacetissuesinemerging5gbands
_version_	1718394600086831104

Age-dependence of electromagnetic power and heat deposition in near-surface tissues in emerging 5G bands

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