Exploring the Diversity and Aromatic Hydrocarbon Degrading Potential of Epiphytic Fungi on Hornbeams from Chronically Polluted Areas

Plants can ‘catch’ and mitigate airborne pollutants and are assisted by fungi inhabiting their leaves. The structure and function of the fungal communities inhabiting the phyllosphere of hornbeam trees growing in two chronically polluted areas, the oilfield of Bóbrka and the city center of Warsaw, w...

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Autores principales: Valeria Imperato, Miguel Portillo-Estrada, Anabel Saran, Anneleen Thoonen, Łukasz Kowalkowski, Stanislaw W. Gawronski, Francois Rineau, Jaco Vangronsveld, Sofie Thijs
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spelling oai:doaj.org-article:ca695858672642ea8f619291e037d9842021-11-25T18:06:17ZExploring the Diversity and Aromatic Hydrocarbon Degrading Potential of Epiphytic Fungi on Hornbeams from Chronically Polluted Areas10.3390/jof71109722309-608Xhttps://doaj.org/article/ca695858672642ea8f619291e037d9842021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/7/11/972https://doaj.org/toc/2309-608XPlants can ‘catch’ and mitigate airborne pollutants and are assisted by fungi inhabiting their leaves. The structure and function of the fungal communities inhabiting the phyllosphere of hornbeam trees growing in two chronically polluted areas, the oilfield of Bóbrka and the city center of Warsaw, were compared to the ones growing in one nature reserve, the Białowieża National Park. Fungi were isolated and characterized both phylogenetically and functionally for their potential role in air pollution mitigation. Both culture-dependent (e.g., enzyme assays and tolerance tests) and culture-independent methods (e.g., ITS and shotgun sequencings) were used. Furthermore, the degradation potential of the fungi was assessed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Shotgun sequencing showed that the phyllosphere fungal communities were dominated by fungi belonging to the phylum Ascomycota. <i>Aureobasidium</i> was the only genus detected at the three locations with a relative abundance ≥1.0%. Among the cultivated epiphytic fungi from Bóbrka, <i>Fusarium sporotrichioides</i> AT11, <i>Phoma herbarum</i> AT15, and <i>Lophiostoma</i> sp. AT37 showed in vitro aromatic hydrocarbon degradation potential with laccase activities of 1.24, 3.62, and 7.2 μU L<sup>−1</sup>, respectively, and peroxidase enzymes with activities of 3.46, 2.28, and 7.49 μU L<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. Furthermore, <i>Fusarium sporotrichioides</i> AT11 and <i>Phoma herbarum</i> AT15 tolerated exposure to airborne naphthalene and benzene. <i>Lophiostoma</i> sp. AT37 was the most tolerant to exposure to these pollutants, in line with being the best potential aromatic hydrocarbon degrader isolated in this study.Valeria ImperatoMiguel Portillo-EstradaAnabel SaranAnneleen ThoonenŁukasz KowalkowskiStanislaw W. GawronskiFrancois RineauJaco VangronsveldSofie ThijsMDPI AGarticleair pollutionphyllospherephylloremediationfungiBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENJournal of Fungi, Vol 7, Iss 972, p 972 (2021)
institution DOAJ
collection DOAJ
language EN
topic air pollution
phyllosphere
phylloremediation
fungi
Biology (General)
QH301-705.5
spellingShingle air pollution
phyllosphere
phylloremediation
fungi
Biology (General)
QH301-705.5
Valeria Imperato
Miguel Portillo-Estrada
Anabel Saran
Anneleen Thoonen
Łukasz Kowalkowski
Stanislaw W. Gawronski
Francois Rineau
Jaco Vangronsveld
Sofie Thijs
Exploring the Diversity and Aromatic Hydrocarbon Degrading Potential of Epiphytic Fungi on Hornbeams from Chronically Polluted Areas
description Plants can ‘catch’ and mitigate airborne pollutants and are assisted by fungi inhabiting their leaves. The structure and function of the fungal communities inhabiting the phyllosphere of hornbeam trees growing in two chronically polluted areas, the oilfield of Bóbrka and the city center of Warsaw, were compared to the ones growing in one nature reserve, the Białowieża National Park. Fungi were isolated and characterized both phylogenetically and functionally for their potential role in air pollution mitigation. Both culture-dependent (e.g., enzyme assays and tolerance tests) and culture-independent methods (e.g., ITS and shotgun sequencings) were used. Furthermore, the degradation potential of the fungi was assessed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Shotgun sequencing showed that the phyllosphere fungal communities were dominated by fungi belonging to the phylum Ascomycota. <i>Aureobasidium</i> was the only genus detected at the three locations with a relative abundance ≥1.0%. Among the cultivated epiphytic fungi from Bóbrka, <i>Fusarium sporotrichioides</i> AT11, <i>Phoma herbarum</i> AT15, and <i>Lophiostoma</i> sp. AT37 showed in vitro aromatic hydrocarbon degradation potential with laccase activities of 1.24, 3.62, and 7.2 μU L<sup>−1</sup>, respectively, and peroxidase enzymes with activities of 3.46, 2.28, and 7.49 μU L<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. Furthermore, <i>Fusarium sporotrichioides</i> AT11 and <i>Phoma herbarum</i> AT15 tolerated exposure to airborne naphthalene and benzene. <i>Lophiostoma</i> sp. AT37 was the most tolerant to exposure to these pollutants, in line with being the best potential aromatic hydrocarbon degrader isolated in this study.
format article
author Valeria Imperato
Miguel Portillo-Estrada
Anabel Saran
Anneleen Thoonen
Łukasz Kowalkowski
Stanislaw W. Gawronski
Francois Rineau
Jaco Vangronsveld
Sofie Thijs
author_facet Valeria Imperato
Miguel Portillo-Estrada
Anabel Saran
Anneleen Thoonen
Łukasz Kowalkowski
Stanislaw W. Gawronski
Francois Rineau
Jaco Vangronsveld
Sofie Thijs
author_sort Valeria Imperato
title Exploring the Diversity and Aromatic Hydrocarbon Degrading Potential of Epiphytic Fungi on Hornbeams from Chronically Polluted Areas
title_short Exploring the Diversity and Aromatic Hydrocarbon Degrading Potential of Epiphytic Fungi on Hornbeams from Chronically Polluted Areas
title_full Exploring the Diversity and Aromatic Hydrocarbon Degrading Potential of Epiphytic Fungi on Hornbeams from Chronically Polluted Areas
title_fullStr Exploring the Diversity and Aromatic Hydrocarbon Degrading Potential of Epiphytic Fungi on Hornbeams from Chronically Polluted Areas
title_full_unstemmed Exploring the Diversity and Aromatic Hydrocarbon Degrading Potential of Epiphytic Fungi on Hornbeams from Chronically Polluted Areas
title_sort exploring the diversity and aromatic hydrocarbon degrading potential of epiphytic fungi on hornbeams from chronically polluted areas
publisher MDPI AG
publishDate 2021
url https://doaj.org/article/ca695858672642ea8f619291e037d984
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