Treated municipal wastewater to fulfil crop water footprints and irrigation demand – a review

Direct application of raw municipal wastewater for irrigation purposes may create many undesirable harmful consequences. Therefore, treated effluent through different technologies is generally preferred for reuse especially in water-scarce regions. In the present study, the performances of some trea...

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Autores principales:	Amit Biswas, Damodhara Rao Mailapalli, Narendra Singh Raghuwanshi
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	IWA Publishing 2021
Materias:	bod cod coliforms membrane bioreactor municipal wastewater water footprints Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500 River, lake, and water-supply engineering (General) TC401-506
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/ca821d8926c34331a77518df643154aa
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:ca821d8926c34331a77518df643154aa2021-11-06T07:14:47ZTreated municipal wastewater to fulfil crop water footprints and irrigation demand – a review1606-97491607-079810.2166/ws.2021.031https://doaj.org/article/ca821d8926c34331a77518df643154aa2021-06-01T00:00:00Zhttp://ws.iwaponline.com/content/21/4/1398https://doaj.org/toc/1606-9749https://doaj.org/toc/1607-0798Direct application of raw municipal wastewater for irrigation purposes may create many undesirable harmful consequences. Therefore, treated effluent through different technologies is generally preferred for reuse especially in water-scarce regions. In the present study, the performances of some treatment technologies like constructed wetland (CW), waste stabilisation pond (WSP), membrane bioreactor (MBR), vermi-biofiltration (VBF) and land treatment methods for removal of chemical and biological impurities from municipal wastewater were reviewed. The study revealed that the treated water quality varied depending on the hydraulic retention time under different treatment methods. The reservoir should be considered an integral part of the wastewater treatment system and not merely an operative ponding volume for irrigation. The comparatively advanced MBR technique showed better performance for removal of BOD, COD, fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli and other biological impurities than the traditional approach. Some techniques like land treatment methods and VBF were found to be equally attractive in developed as well as developing nations. The future projections of global green and blue water scarcities indicate treated water to be a valuable alternative water resource to fulfil required crop water footprints as well as irrigation demands. HIGHLIGHTS The treated water quality varied depending on the hydraulic retention time under different treatment methods.; The reservoir should be considered an integral part of the wastewater treatment system.; Land treatment methods and VBF were found to be equally attractive in developed as well as developing nations.; The treated water is a valuable alternative water resource to fulfil crop water footprints and irrigation demands.;Amit BiswasDamodhara Rao MailapalliNarendra Singh RaghuwanshiIWA Publishingarticlebodcodcoliformsmembrane bioreactormunicipal wastewaterwater footprintsWater supply for domestic and industrial purposesTD201-500River, lake, and water-supply engineering (General)TC401-506ENWater Supply, Vol 21, Iss 4, Pp 1398-1409 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	bod cod coliforms membrane bioreactor municipal wastewater water footprints Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500 River, lake, and water-supply engineering (General) TC401-506
spellingShingle	bod cod coliforms membrane bioreactor municipal wastewater water footprints Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500 River, lake, and water-supply engineering (General) TC401-506 Amit Biswas Damodhara Rao Mailapalli Narendra Singh Raghuwanshi Treated municipal wastewater to fulfil crop water footprints and irrigation demand – a review
description	Direct application of raw municipal wastewater for irrigation purposes may create many undesirable harmful consequences. Therefore, treated effluent through different technologies is generally preferred for reuse especially in water-scarce regions. In the present study, the performances of some treatment technologies like constructed wetland (CW), waste stabilisation pond (WSP), membrane bioreactor (MBR), vermi-biofiltration (VBF) and land treatment methods for removal of chemical and biological impurities from municipal wastewater were reviewed. The study revealed that the treated water quality varied depending on the hydraulic retention time under different treatment methods. The reservoir should be considered an integral part of the wastewater treatment system and not merely an operative ponding volume for irrigation. The comparatively advanced MBR technique showed better performance for removal of BOD, COD, fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli and other biological impurities than the traditional approach. Some techniques like land treatment methods and VBF were found to be equally attractive in developed as well as developing nations. The future projections of global green and blue water scarcities indicate treated water to be a valuable alternative water resource to fulfil required crop water footprints as well as irrigation demands. HIGHLIGHTS The treated water quality varied depending on the hydraulic retention time under different treatment methods.; The reservoir should be considered an integral part of the wastewater treatment system.; Land treatment methods and VBF were found to be equally attractive in developed as well as developing nations.; The treated water is a valuable alternative water resource to fulfil crop water footprints and irrigation demands.;
format	article
author	Amit Biswas Damodhara Rao Mailapalli Narendra Singh Raghuwanshi
author_facet	Amit Biswas Damodhara Rao Mailapalli Narendra Singh Raghuwanshi
author_sort	Amit Biswas
title	Treated municipal wastewater to fulfil crop water footprints and irrigation demand – a review
title_short	Treated municipal wastewater to fulfil crop water footprints and irrigation demand – a review
title_full	Treated municipal wastewater to fulfil crop water footprints and irrigation demand – a review
title_fullStr	Treated municipal wastewater to fulfil crop water footprints and irrigation demand – a review
title_full_unstemmed	Treated municipal wastewater to fulfil crop water footprints and irrigation demand – a review
title_sort	treated municipal wastewater to fulfil crop water footprints and irrigation demand – a review
publisher	IWA Publishing
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/ca821d8926c34331a77518df643154aa
work_keys_str_mv	AT amitbiswas treatedmunicipalwastewatertofulfilcropwaterfootprintsandirrigationdemandareview AT damodhararaomailapalli treatedmunicipalwastewatertofulfilcropwaterfootprintsandirrigationdemandareview AT narendrasinghraghuwanshi treatedmunicipalwastewatertofulfilcropwaterfootprintsandirrigationdemandareview
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Treated municipal wastewater to fulfil crop water footprints and irrigation demand – a review

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