CYBER-ATTACK IN ESTONIA: A NEW CHALLENGE IN THE APPLICABILITY OF INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW

This article aimed to analyze the classification of armed conflict in Estonia's cyber-attack and how the existing IHL are answering this problem, and whether those regulations are enough for future cases of cyber-attack. This article uses the normative method by comparing the Geneva Convention...

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Autores principales:	Iradhati Zahra, Irawati Handayani, Diajeng Wulan Christianti
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN ID
Publicado:	Faculty of Law, Universitas Sebelas Maret 2021
Materias:	application of international humanitarian law estonia’s cyber-attack armed conflict Law K
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/ca82bad73d78425488c74d9c6bc1f115
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:ca82bad73d78425488c74d9c6bc1f1152021-11-15T09:42:35ZCYBER-ATTACK IN ESTONIA: A NEW CHALLENGE IN THE APPLICABILITY OF INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW0852-09412549-090710.20961/yustisia.v10i1.48336https://doaj.org/article/ca82bad73d78425488c74d9c6bc1f1152021-04-01T00:00:00Zhttps://jurnal.uns.ac.id/yustisia/article/view/48336https://doaj.org/toc/0852-0941https://doaj.org/toc/2549-0907This article aimed to analyze the classification of armed conflict in Estonia's cyber-attack and how the existing IHL are answering this problem, and whether those regulations are enough for future cases of cyber-attack. This article uses the normative method by comparing the Geneva Convention 1949 and Additional Protocol I 1977 with Rule 30 Tallinn Manual 1.0 and some relevant literary works, using a descriptive-analytic to explain the object comprehensively. The result shows that Estonia's cyber-attack could be classified as an International Armed Conflict, which first started as a Non-International Armed Conflict by proving attribution from Russia to Nashi Youth Group following the Overall Control in Tadic Case. The distinction between information warfare and cyber-attack is related to the physical impact, which a threshold of a cyber-attack under Tallinn Manual 1.0. It means Rule 30 of Tallinn Manual 1.0 also answered Jus ad Bellum's threshold and Jus in Bello in terms of cyber-attack. Although, this article needs some improvements regarding the limitation of this issue only focused on the Material Scope of IHL. In addition, Rule 30 of Tallinn Manual 1.0 is not legally binding because it is not one source of international law. However, it is possible for the Rule 30 Tallinn Manual 1.0 to be a new norm and becoming customary international law in the future.Iradhati ZahraIrawati HandayaniDiajeng Wulan ChristiantiFaculty of Law, Universitas Sebelas Maretarticleapplication of international humanitarian lawestonia’s cyber-attackarmed conflictLawKENIDYustisia, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp 48-66 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN ID
topic	application of international humanitarian law estonia’s cyber-attack armed conflict Law K
spellingShingle	application of international humanitarian law estonia’s cyber-attack armed conflict Law K Iradhati Zahra Irawati Handayani Diajeng Wulan Christianti CYBER-ATTACK IN ESTONIA: A NEW CHALLENGE IN THE APPLICABILITY OF INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW
description	This article aimed to analyze the classification of armed conflict in Estonia's cyber-attack and how the existing IHL are answering this problem, and whether those regulations are enough for future cases of cyber-attack. This article uses the normative method by comparing the Geneva Convention 1949 and Additional Protocol I 1977 with Rule 30 Tallinn Manual 1.0 and some relevant literary works, using a descriptive-analytic to explain the object comprehensively. The result shows that Estonia's cyber-attack could be classified as an International Armed Conflict, which first started as a Non-International Armed Conflict by proving attribution from Russia to Nashi Youth Group following the Overall Control in Tadic Case. The distinction between information warfare and cyber-attack is related to the physical impact, which a threshold of a cyber-attack under Tallinn Manual 1.0. It means Rule 30 of Tallinn Manual 1.0 also answered Jus ad Bellum's threshold and Jus in Bello in terms of cyber-attack. Although, this article needs some improvements regarding the limitation of this issue only focused on the Material Scope of IHL. In addition, Rule 30 of Tallinn Manual 1.0 is not legally binding because it is not one source of international law. However, it is possible for the Rule 30 Tallinn Manual 1.0 to be a new norm and becoming customary international law in the future.
format	article
author	Iradhati Zahra Irawati Handayani Diajeng Wulan Christianti
author_facet	Iradhati Zahra Irawati Handayani Diajeng Wulan Christianti
author_sort	Iradhati Zahra
title	CYBER-ATTACK IN ESTONIA: A NEW CHALLENGE IN THE APPLICABILITY OF INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW
title_short	CYBER-ATTACK IN ESTONIA: A NEW CHALLENGE IN THE APPLICABILITY OF INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW
title_full	CYBER-ATTACK IN ESTONIA: A NEW CHALLENGE IN THE APPLICABILITY OF INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW
title_fullStr	CYBER-ATTACK IN ESTONIA: A NEW CHALLENGE IN THE APPLICABILITY OF INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW
title_full_unstemmed	CYBER-ATTACK IN ESTONIA: A NEW CHALLENGE IN THE APPLICABILITY OF INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW
title_sort	cyber-attack in estonia: a new challenge in the applicability of international humanitarian law
publisher	Faculty of Law, Universitas Sebelas Maret
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/ca82bad73d78425488c74d9c6bc1f115
work_keys_str_mv	AT iradhatizahra cyberattackinestoniaanewchallengeintheapplicabilityofinternationalhumanitarianlaw AT irawatihandayani cyberattackinestoniaanewchallengeintheapplicabilityofinternationalhumanitarianlaw AT diajengwulanchristianti cyberattackinestoniaanewchallengeintheapplicabilityofinternationalhumanitarianlaw
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CYBER-ATTACK IN ESTONIA: A NEW CHALLENGE IN THE APPLICABILITY OF INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW

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