3D Printed Multiphasic Scaffolds for Osteochondral Repair: Challenges and Opportunities

Osteochondral (OC) defects are debilitating joint injuries characterized by the loss of full thickness articular cartilage along with the underlying calcified cartilage through to the subchondral bone. While current surgical treatments can provide some relief from pain, none can fully repair all the...

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Autores principales:	Stephanie E. Doyle, Finn Snow, Serena Duchi, Cathal D. O’Connell, Carmine Onofrillo, Claudia Di Bella, Elena Pirogova
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	osteochondral articular cartilage calcified cartilage subchondral bone multiphasic biofabrication Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/ca99120860b84119b43f0038a1664c32
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:ca99120860b84119b43f0038a1664c322021-11-25T17:56:29Z3D Printed Multiphasic Scaffolds for Osteochondral Repair: Challenges and Opportunities10.3390/ijms2222124201422-00671661-6596https://doaj.org/article/ca99120860b84119b43f0038a1664c322021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/22/12420https://doaj.org/toc/1661-6596https://doaj.org/toc/1422-0067Osteochondral (OC) defects are debilitating joint injuries characterized by the loss of full thickness articular cartilage along with the underlying calcified cartilage through to the subchondral bone. While current surgical treatments can provide some relief from pain, none can fully repair all the components of the OC unit and restore its native function. Engineering OC tissue is challenging due to the presence of the three distinct tissue regions. Recent advances in additive manufacturing provide unprecedented control over the internal microstructure of bioscaffolds, the patterning of growth factors and the encapsulation of potentially regenerative cells. These developments are ushering in a new paradigm of ‘multiphasic’ scaffold designs in which the optimal micro-environment for each tissue region is individually crafted. Although the adoption of these techniques provides new opportunities in OC research, it also introduces challenges, such as creating tissue interfaces, integrating multiple fabrication techniques and co-culturing different cells within the same construct. This review captures the considerations and capabilities in developing 3D printed OC scaffolds, including materials, fabrication techniques, mechanical function, biological components and design.Stephanie E. DoyleFinn SnowSerena DuchiCathal D. O’ConnellCarmine OnofrilloClaudia Di BellaElena PirogovaMDPI AGarticleosteochondralarticular cartilagecalcified cartilagesubchondral bonemultiphasicbiofabricationBiology (General)QH301-705.5ChemistryQD1-999ENInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 12420, p 12420 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	osteochondral articular cartilage calcified cartilage subchondral bone multiphasic biofabrication Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999
spellingShingle	osteochondral articular cartilage calcified cartilage subchondral bone multiphasic biofabrication Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999 Stephanie E. Doyle Finn Snow Serena Duchi Cathal D. O’Connell Carmine Onofrillo Claudia Di Bella Elena Pirogova 3D Printed Multiphasic Scaffolds for Osteochondral Repair: Challenges and Opportunities
description	Osteochondral (OC) defects are debilitating joint injuries characterized by the loss of full thickness articular cartilage along with the underlying calcified cartilage through to the subchondral bone. While current surgical treatments can provide some relief from pain, none can fully repair all the components of the OC unit and restore its native function. Engineering OC tissue is challenging due to the presence of the three distinct tissue regions. Recent advances in additive manufacturing provide unprecedented control over the internal microstructure of bioscaffolds, the patterning of growth factors and the encapsulation of potentially regenerative cells. These developments are ushering in a new paradigm of ‘multiphasic’ scaffold designs in which the optimal micro-environment for each tissue region is individually crafted. Although the adoption of these techniques provides new opportunities in OC research, it also introduces challenges, such as creating tissue interfaces, integrating multiple fabrication techniques and co-culturing different cells within the same construct. This review captures the considerations and capabilities in developing 3D printed OC scaffolds, including materials, fabrication techniques, mechanical function, biological components and design.
format	article
author	Stephanie E. Doyle Finn Snow Serena Duchi Cathal D. O’Connell Carmine Onofrillo Claudia Di Bella Elena Pirogova
author_facet	Stephanie E. Doyle Finn Snow Serena Duchi Cathal D. O’Connell Carmine Onofrillo Claudia Di Bella Elena Pirogova
author_sort	Stephanie E. Doyle
title	3D Printed Multiphasic Scaffolds for Osteochondral Repair: Challenges and Opportunities
title_short	3D Printed Multiphasic Scaffolds for Osteochondral Repair: Challenges and Opportunities
title_full	3D Printed Multiphasic Scaffolds for Osteochondral Repair: Challenges and Opportunities
title_fullStr	3D Printed Multiphasic Scaffolds for Osteochondral Repair: Challenges and Opportunities
title_full_unstemmed	3D Printed Multiphasic Scaffolds for Osteochondral Repair: Challenges and Opportunities
title_sort	3d printed multiphasic scaffolds for osteochondral repair: challenges and opportunities
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/ca99120860b84119b43f0038a1664c32
work_keys_str_mv	AT stephanieedoyle 3dprintedmultiphasicscaffoldsforosteochondralrepairchallengesandopportunities AT finnsnow 3dprintedmultiphasicscaffoldsforosteochondralrepairchallengesandopportunities AT serenaduchi 3dprintedmultiphasicscaffoldsforosteochondralrepairchallengesandopportunities AT cathaldoconnell 3dprintedmultiphasicscaffoldsforosteochondralrepairchallengesandopportunities AT carmineonofrillo 3dprintedmultiphasicscaffoldsforosteochondralrepairchallengesandopportunities AT claudiadibella 3dprintedmultiphasicscaffoldsforosteochondralrepairchallengesandopportunities AT elenapirogova 3dprintedmultiphasicscaffoldsforosteochondralrepairchallengesandopportunities
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3D Printed Multiphasic Scaffolds for Osteochondral Repair: Challenges and Opportunities

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