Adaptive Responses of Citrus grandis Leaves to Copper Toxicity Revealed by RNA-Seq and Physiology

Copper (Cu)-toxic effects on Citrus grandis growth and Cu uptake, as well as gene expression and physiological parameters in leaves were investigated. Using RNA-Seq, 715 upregulated and 573 downregulated genes were identified in leaves of C. grandis seedlings ex...

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Autores principales:	Fenglin Wu, Huiyu Huang, Mingyi Peng, Yinhua Lai, Qianqian Ren, Jiang Zhang, Zengrong Huang, Lintong Yang, Christopher Rensing, Lisong Chen
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	<i>Citrus grandis</i> copper-toxicity hormones leaves photosynthesis RNA-Seq Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/caaddfc3e77d46e5b7b7def1b55e041b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:caaddfc3e77d46e5b7b7def1b55e041b2021-11-11T17:25:43ZAdaptive Responses of <i>Citrus</i> <i>grandis</i> Leaves to Copper Toxicity Revealed by RNA-Seq and Physiology10.3390/ijms2221120231422-00671661-6596https://doaj.org/article/caaddfc3e77d46e5b7b7def1b55e041b2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/21/12023https://doaj.org/toc/1661-6596https://doaj.org/toc/1422-0067Copper (Cu)-toxic effects on <i>Citrus grandis</i> growth and Cu uptake, as well as gene expression and physiological parameters in leaves were investigated. Using RNA-Seq, 715 upregulated and 573 downregulated genes were identified in leaves of <i>C. grandis</i> seedlings exposed to Cu-toxicity (LCGSEC). Cu-toxicity altered the expression of 52 genes related to cell wall metabolism, thus impairing cell wall metabolism and lowering leaf growth. Cu-toxicity downregulated the expression of photosynthetic electron transport-related genes, thus reducing CO<sub>2</sub> assimilation. Some genes involved in thermal energy dissipation, photorespiration, reactive oxygen species scavenging and cell redox homeostasis and some antioxidants (reduced glutathione, phytochelatins, metallothioneins, <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">l</span>-tryptophan and total phenolics) were upregulated in LCGSEC, but they could not protect LCGSEC from oxidative damage. Several adaptive responses might occur in LCGSEC. LCGSEC displayed both enhanced capacities to maintain homeostasis of Cu via reducing Cu uptake by leaves and preventing release of vacuolar Cu into the cytoplasm, and to improve internal detoxification of Cu by accumulating Cu chelators (lignin, reduced glutathione, phytochelatins, metallothioneins, <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">l</span>-tryptophan and total phenolics). The capacities to maintain both energy homeostasis and Ca homeostasis might be upregulated in LCGSEC. Cu-toxicity increased abscisates (auxins) level, thus stimulating stomatal closure and lowering water loss (enhancing water use efficiency and photosynthesis).Fenglin WuHuiyu HuangMingyi PengYinhua LaiQianqian RenJiang ZhangZengrong HuangLintong YangChristopher RensingLisong ChenMDPI AGarticle<i>Citrus grandis</i>copper-toxicityhormonesleavesphotosynthesisRNA-SeqBiology (General)QH301-705.5ChemistryQD1-999ENInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 12023, p 12023 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	<i>Citrus grandis</i> copper-toxicity hormones leaves photosynthesis RNA-Seq Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999
spellingShingle	<i>Citrus grandis</i> copper-toxicity hormones leaves photosynthesis RNA-Seq Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999 Fenglin Wu Huiyu Huang Mingyi Peng Yinhua Lai Qianqian Ren Jiang Zhang Zengrong Huang Lintong Yang Christopher Rensing Lisong Chen Adaptive Responses of <i>Citrus</i> <i>grandis</i> Leaves to Copper Toxicity Revealed by RNA-Seq and Physiology
description	Copper (Cu)-toxic effects on <i>Citrus grandis</i> growth and Cu uptake, as well as gene expression and physiological parameters in leaves were investigated. Using RNA-Seq, 715 upregulated and 573 downregulated genes were identified in leaves of <i>C. grandis</i> seedlings exposed to Cu-toxicity (LCGSEC). Cu-toxicity altered the expression of 52 genes related to cell wall metabolism, thus impairing cell wall metabolism and lowering leaf growth. Cu-toxicity downregulated the expression of photosynthetic electron transport-related genes, thus reducing CO<sub>2</sub> assimilation. Some genes involved in thermal energy dissipation, photorespiration, reactive oxygen species scavenging and cell redox homeostasis and some antioxidants (reduced glutathione, phytochelatins, metallothioneins, <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">l</span>-tryptophan and total phenolics) were upregulated in LCGSEC, but they could not protect LCGSEC from oxidative damage. Several adaptive responses might occur in LCGSEC. LCGSEC displayed both enhanced capacities to maintain homeostasis of Cu via reducing Cu uptake by leaves and preventing release of vacuolar Cu into the cytoplasm, and to improve internal detoxification of Cu by accumulating Cu chelators (lignin, reduced glutathione, phytochelatins, metallothioneins, <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">l</span>-tryptophan and total phenolics). The capacities to maintain both energy homeostasis and Ca homeostasis might be upregulated in LCGSEC. Cu-toxicity increased abscisates (auxins) level, thus stimulating stomatal closure and lowering water loss (enhancing water use efficiency and photosynthesis).
format	article
author	Fenglin Wu Huiyu Huang Mingyi Peng Yinhua Lai Qianqian Ren Jiang Zhang Zengrong Huang Lintong Yang Christopher Rensing Lisong Chen
author_facet	Fenglin Wu Huiyu Huang Mingyi Peng Yinhua Lai Qianqian Ren Jiang Zhang Zengrong Huang Lintong Yang Christopher Rensing Lisong Chen
author_sort	Fenglin Wu
title	Adaptive Responses of <i>Citrus</i> <i>grandis</i> Leaves to Copper Toxicity Revealed by RNA-Seq and Physiology
title_short	Adaptive Responses of <i>Citrus</i> <i>grandis</i> Leaves to Copper Toxicity Revealed by RNA-Seq and Physiology
title_full	Adaptive Responses of <i>Citrus</i> <i>grandis</i> Leaves to Copper Toxicity Revealed by RNA-Seq and Physiology
title_fullStr	Adaptive Responses of <i>Citrus</i> <i>grandis</i> Leaves to Copper Toxicity Revealed by RNA-Seq and Physiology
title_full_unstemmed	Adaptive Responses of <i>Citrus</i> <i>grandis</i> Leaves to Copper Toxicity Revealed by RNA-Seq and Physiology
title_sort	adaptive responses of <i>citrus</i> <i>grandis</i> leaves to copper toxicity revealed by rna-seq and physiology
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/caaddfc3e77d46e5b7b7def1b55e041b
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Adaptive Responses of <i>Citrus</i> <i>grandis</i> Leaves to Copper Toxicity Revealed by RNA-Seq and Physiology

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