Measuring the capacity to combat illicit tobacco trade in 160 countries

Abstract Background Illicit trade of tobacco negatively affects countries’ tobacco control efforts. It leads to lower tobacco prices and makes tobacco products more accessible to vulnerable populations. In this study, we constructed an illicit tobacco trade index, which measures the structural and i...

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Autores principales:	Valerie Gilbert Ulep, Monica Paula Lavares, Ariza Francisco
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	BMC 2021
Materias:	Tobacco Illicit trade Index Smoking Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/cab0bec0025c475cab5ef86676d4c29a
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:cab0bec0025c475cab5ef86676d4c29a2021-11-21T12:30:54ZMeasuring the capacity to combat illicit tobacco trade in 160 countries10.1186/s12992-021-00783-41744-8603https://doaj.org/article/cab0bec0025c475cab5ef86676d4c29a2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-021-00783-4https://doaj.org/toc/1744-8603Abstract Background Illicit trade of tobacco negatively affects countries’ tobacco control efforts. It leads to lower tobacco prices and makes tobacco products more accessible to vulnerable populations. In this study, we constructed an illicit tobacco trade index, which measures the structural and institutional capabilities of 160 countries in addressing illicit tobacco trade. We collected the most recent and best available data on general governance, tobacco control policies, and trade and customs practices. Results Singapore, New Zealand, Finland and Sweden lead countries with the most favorable illicit tobacco trade score. We observed a positive relationship between illicit tobacco trade scores and Gross National Income (GNI) per capita and a negative relationship with the share of illicit tobacco trade to total tobacco consumption. Conclusions The capability to combat illicit trade varies across countries. However, on average, low and middle-income countries (LMICs) are less capable of addressing illicit tobacco trade as suggested by the lower illicit tobacco trade index score. The lower index score in low and middle-income countries was mainly driven by low scores in tobacco control policies and trade and customs practices and conditions. Our study reinforces the importance for LMICs to adopt the WHO’s Protocol to Eliminate Illicit Tobacco Trade Products, particularly committing to treaty obligations and investing on track and trace system and other customs reforms.Valerie Gilbert UlepMonica Paula LavaresAriza FranciscoBMCarticleTobaccoIllicit tradeIndexSmokingPublic aspects of medicineRA1-1270ENGlobalization and Health, Vol 17, Iss 1, Pp 1-8 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Tobacco Illicit trade Index Smoking Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
spellingShingle	Tobacco Illicit trade Index Smoking Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Valerie Gilbert Ulep Monica Paula Lavares Ariza Francisco Measuring the capacity to combat illicit tobacco trade in 160 countries
description	Abstract Background Illicit trade of tobacco negatively affects countries’ tobacco control efforts. It leads to lower tobacco prices and makes tobacco products more accessible to vulnerable populations. In this study, we constructed an illicit tobacco trade index, which measures the structural and institutional capabilities of 160 countries in addressing illicit tobacco trade. We collected the most recent and best available data on general governance, tobacco control policies, and trade and customs practices. Results Singapore, New Zealand, Finland and Sweden lead countries with the most favorable illicit tobacco trade score. We observed a positive relationship between illicit tobacco trade scores and Gross National Income (GNI) per capita and a negative relationship with the share of illicit tobacco trade to total tobacco consumption. Conclusions The capability to combat illicit trade varies across countries. However, on average, low and middle-income countries (LMICs) are less capable of addressing illicit tobacco trade as suggested by the lower illicit tobacco trade index score. The lower index score in low and middle-income countries was mainly driven by low scores in tobacco control policies and trade and customs practices and conditions. Our study reinforces the importance for LMICs to adopt the WHO’s Protocol to Eliminate Illicit Tobacco Trade Products, particularly committing to treaty obligations and investing on track and trace system and other customs reforms.
format	article
author	Valerie Gilbert Ulep Monica Paula Lavares Ariza Francisco
author_facet	Valerie Gilbert Ulep Monica Paula Lavares Ariza Francisco
author_sort	Valerie Gilbert Ulep
title	Measuring the capacity to combat illicit tobacco trade in 160 countries
title_short	Measuring the capacity to combat illicit tobacco trade in 160 countries
title_full	Measuring the capacity to combat illicit tobacco trade in 160 countries
title_fullStr	Measuring the capacity to combat illicit tobacco trade in 160 countries
title_full_unstemmed	Measuring the capacity to combat illicit tobacco trade in 160 countries
title_sort	measuring the capacity to combat illicit tobacco trade in 160 countries
publisher	BMC
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/cab0bec0025c475cab5ef86676d4c29a
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Measuring the capacity to combat illicit tobacco trade in 160 countries

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