Expression analyses in Ginkgo biloba provide new insights into the evolution and development of the seed

Abstract Although the seed is a key morphological innovation, its origin remains unknown and molecular data outside angiosperms is still limited. Ginkgo biloba, with a unique place in plant evolution, being one of the first extant gymnosperms where seeds evolved, can testify to the evolution and dev...

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Autores principales:	Cecilia Zumajo-Cardona, Damon P. Little, Dennis Stevenson, Barbara A. Ambrose
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/cad42f2603174f0783553d2cf9416635
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:cad42f2603174f0783553d2cf94166352021-11-14T12:23:25ZExpression analyses in Ginkgo biloba provide new insights into the evolution and development of the seed10.1038/s41598-021-01483-02045-2322https://doaj.org/article/cad42f2603174f0783553d2cf94166352021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-01483-0https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Although the seed is a key morphological innovation, its origin remains unknown and molecular data outside angiosperms is still limited. Ginkgo biloba, with a unique place in plant evolution, being one of the first extant gymnosperms where seeds evolved, can testify to the evolution and development of the seed. Initially, to better understand the development of the ovules in Ginkgo biloba ovules, we performed spatio-temporal expression analyses in seeds at early developing stages, of six candidate gene homologues known in angiosperms: WUSCHEL, AINTEGUMENTA, BELL1, KANADI, UNICORN, and C3HDZip. Surprisingly, the expression patterns of most these ovule homologues indicate that they are not wholly conserved between angiosperms and Ginkgo biloba. Consistent with previous studies on early diverging seedless plant lineages, ferns, lycophytes, and bryophytes, many of these candidate genes are mainly expressed in mega- and micro-sporangia. Through in-depth comparative transcriptome analyses of Ginkgo biloba developing ovules, pollen cones, and megagametophytes we have been able to identify novel genes, likely involved in ovule development. Finally, our expression analyses support the synangial or neo-synangial hypotheses for the origin of the seed, where the sporangium developmental network was likely co-opted and restricted during integument evolution.Cecilia Zumajo-CardonaDamon P. LittleDennis StevensonBarbara A. AmbroseNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-17 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Cecilia Zumajo-Cardona Damon P. Little Dennis Stevenson Barbara A. Ambrose Expression analyses in Ginkgo biloba provide new insights into the evolution and development of the seed
description	Abstract Although the seed is a key morphological innovation, its origin remains unknown and molecular data outside angiosperms is still limited. Ginkgo biloba, with a unique place in plant evolution, being one of the first extant gymnosperms where seeds evolved, can testify to the evolution and development of the seed. Initially, to better understand the development of the ovules in Ginkgo biloba ovules, we performed spatio-temporal expression analyses in seeds at early developing stages, of six candidate gene homologues known in angiosperms: WUSCHEL, AINTEGUMENTA, BELL1, KANADI, UNICORN, and C3HDZip. Surprisingly, the expression patterns of most these ovule homologues indicate that they are not wholly conserved between angiosperms and Ginkgo biloba. Consistent with previous studies on early diverging seedless plant lineages, ferns, lycophytes, and bryophytes, many of these candidate genes are mainly expressed in mega- and micro-sporangia. Through in-depth comparative transcriptome analyses of Ginkgo biloba developing ovules, pollen cones, and megagametophytes we have been able to identify novel genes, likely involved in ovule development. Finally, our expression analyses support the synangial or neo-synangial hypotheses for the origin of the seed, where the sporangium developmental network was likely co-opted and restricted during integument evolution.
format	article
author	Cecilia Zumajo-Cardona Damon P. Little Dennis Stevenson Barbara A. Ambrose
author_facet	Cecilia Zumajo-Cardona Damon P. Little Dennis Stevenson Barbara A. Ambrose
author_sort	Cecilia Zumajo-Cardona
title	Expression analyses in Ginkgo biloba provide new insights into the evolution and development of the seed
title_short	Expression analyses in Ginkgo biloba provide new insights into the evolution and development of the seed
title_full	Expression analyses in Ginkgo biloba provide new insights into the evolution and development of the seed
title_fullStr	Expression analyses in Ginkgo biloba provide new insights into the evolution and development of the seed
title_full_unstemmed	Expression analyses in Ginkgo biloba provide new insights into the evolution and development of the seed
title_sort	expression analyses in ginkgo biloba provide new insights into the evolution and development of the seed
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/cad42f2603174f0783553d2cf9416635
work_keys_str_mv	AT ceciliazumajocardona expressionanalysesinginkgobilobaprovidenewinsightsintotheevolutionanddevelopmentoftheseed AT damonplittle expressionanalysesinginkgobilobaprovidenewinsightsintotheevolutionanddevelopmentoftheseed AT dennisstevenson expressionanalysesinginkgobilobaprovidenewinsightsintotheevolutionanddevelopmentoftheseed AT barbaraaambrose expressionanalysesinginkgobilobaprovidenewinsightsintotheevolutionanddevelopmentoftheseed
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Expression analyses in Ginkgo biloba provide new insights into the evolution and development of the seed

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