Fabrication and microfluidic analysis of graphene-based molecular communication receiver for Internet of Nano Things (IoNT)

Abstract Bio-inspired molecular communications (MC), where molecules are used to transfer information, is the most promising technique to realise the Internet of Nano Things (IoNT), thanks to its inherent biocompatibility, energy-efficiency, and reliability in physiologically-relevant environments....

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Autores principales:	Murat Kuscu, Hamideh Ramezani, Ergin Dinc, Shahab Akhavan, Ozgur B. Akan
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/cadaf7b73af24331aa2af32244754e84
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:cadaf7b73af24331aa2af32244754e842021-12-02T17:17:40ZFabrication and microfluidic analysis of graphene-based molecular communication receiver for Internet of Nano Things (IoNT)10.1038/s41598-021-98609-12045-2322https://doaj.org/article/cadaf7b73af24331aa2af32244754e842021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-98609-1https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Bio-inspired molecular communications (MC), where molecules are used to transfer information, is the most promising technique to realise the Internet of Nano Things (IoNT), thanks to its inherent biocompatibility, energy-efficiency, and reliability in physiologically-relevant environments. Despite a substantial body of theoretical work concerning MC, the lack of practical micro/nanoscale MC devices and MC testbeds has led researchers to make overly simplifying assumptions about the implications of the channel conditions and the physical architectures of the practical transceivers in developing theoretical models and devising communication methods for MC. On the other hand, MC imposes unique challenges resulting from the highly complex, nonlinear, time-varying channel properties that cannot be always tackled by conventional information and communication tools and technologies (ICT). As a result, the reliability of the existing MC methods, which are mostly adopted from electromagnetic communications and not validated with practical testbeds, is highly questionable. As the first step to remove this discrepancy, in this study, we report on the fabrication of a nanoscale MC receiver based on graphene field-effect transistor biosensors. We perform its ICT characterisation in a custom-designed microfluidic MC system with the information encoded into the concentration of single-stranded DNA molecules. This experimental platform is the first practical implementation of a micro/nanoscale MC system with nanoscale MC receivers, and can serve as a testbed for developing realistic MC methods and IoNT applications.Murat KuscuHamideh RamezaniErgin DincShahab AkhavanOzgur B. AkanNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-20 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Murat Kuscu Hamideh Ramezani Ergin Dinc Shahab Akhavan Ozgur B. Akan Fabrication and microfluidic analysis of graphene-based molecular communication receiver for Internet of Nano Things (IoNT)
description	Abstract Bio-inspired molecular communications (MC), where molecules are used to transfer information, is the most promising technique to realise the Internet of Nano Things (IoNT), thanks to its inherent biocompatibility, energy-efficiency, and reliability in physiologically-relevant environments. Despite a substantial body of theoretical work concerning MC, the lack of practical micro/nanoscale MC devices and MC testbeds has led researchers to make overly simplifying assumptions about the implications of the channel conditions and the physical architectures of the practical transceivers in developing theoretical models and devising communication methods for MC. On the other hand, MC imposes unique challenges resulting from the highly complex, nonlinear, time-varying channel properties that cannot be always tackled by conventional information and communication tools and technologies (ICT). As a result, the reliability of the existing MC methods, which are mostly adopted from electromagnetic communications and not validated with practical testbeds, is highly questionable. As the first step to remove this discrepancy, in this study, we report on the fabrication of a nanoscale MC receiver based on graphene field-effect transistor biosensors. We perform its ICT characterisation in a custom-designed microfluidic MC system with the information encoded into the concentration of single-stranded DNA molecules. This experimental platform is the first practical implementation of a micro/nanoscale MC system with nanoscale MC receivers, and can serve as a testbed for developing realistic MC methods and IoNT applications.
format	article
author	Murat Kuscu Hamideh Ramezani Ergin Dinc Shahab Akhavan Ozgur B. Akan
author_facet	Murat Kuscu Hamideh Ramezani Ergin Dinc Shahab Akhavan Ozgur B. Akan
author_sort	Murat Kuscu
title	Fabrication and microfluidic analysis of graphene-based molecular communication receiver for Internet of Nano Things (IoNT)
title_short	Fabrication and microfluidic analysis of graphene-based molecular communication receiver for Internet of Nano Things (IoNT)
title_full	Fabrication and microfluidic analysis of graphene-based molecular communication receiver for Internet of Nano Things (IoNT)
title_fullStr	Fabrication and microfluidic analysis of graphene-based molecular communication receiver for Internet of Nano Things (IoNT)
title_full_unstemmed	Fabrication and microfluidic analysis of graphene-based molecular communication receiver for Internet of Nano Things (IoNT)
title_sort	fabrication and microfluidic analysis of graphene-based molecular communication receiver for internet of nano things (iont)
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/cadaf7b73af24331aa2af32244754e84
work_keys_str_mv	AT muratkuscu fabricationandmicrofluidicanalysisofgraphenebasedmolecularcommunicationreceiverforinternetofnanothingsiont AT hamidehramezani fabricationandmicrofluidicanalysisofgraphenebasedmolecularcommunicationreceiverforinternetofnanothingsiont AT ergindinc fabricationandmicrofluidicanalysisofgraphenebasedmolecularcommunicationreceiverforinternetofnanothingsiont AT shahabakhavan fabricationandmicrofluidicanalysisofgraphenebasedmolecularcommunicationreceiverforinternetofnanothingsiont AT ozgurbakan fabricationandmicrofluidicanalysisofgraphenebasedmolecularcommunicationreceiverforinternetofnanothingsiont
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Fabrication and microfluidic analysis of graphene-based molecular communication receiver for Internet of Nano Things (IoNT)

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