Environmentally triggered shifts in steelhead migration behavior and consequences for survival in the mid-Columbia River.

The majority of Columbia River summer-run steelhead encounter high river temperatures (near or > 20°C) during their spawning migration. While some steelhead pass through the mid-Columbia River in a matter of days, others use tributary habitats as temperature refuges for periods that can last mont...

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Autores principales:	Jared E Siegel, Lisa G Crozier, Lauren E Wiesebron, Daniel L Widener
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/caeba210decc4e118f450dc729cc5e0c
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:caeba210decc4e118f450dc729cc5e0c2021-12-02T20:11:25ZEnvironmentally triggered shifts in steelhead migration behavior and consequences for survival in the mid-Columbia River.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0250831https://doaj.org/article/caeba210decc4e118f450dc729cc5e0c2021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250831https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203The majority of Columbia River summer-run steelhead encounter high river temperatures (near or > 20°C) during their spawning migration. While some steelhead pass through the mid-Columbia River in a matter of days, others use tributary habitats as temperature refuges for periods that can last months. Using PIT tag detection data from adult return years 2004-2016, we fit 3-component mixture models to differentiate between "fast", "slow", and "overwintering" migration behaviors in five aggregated population groups. Fast fish migrated straight through the reach on average in ~7-9 days while slow fish delayed their migration for weeks to months, and overwintering fish generally took ~150-250 days. We then fit covariate models to examine what factors contributed to the probability of migration delay during summer months (slow or overwintering behaviors), and to explore how migration delay related to mortality. Finally, to account for the impact of extended residence times in the reach for fish that delayed, we compared patterns in estimated average daily rates of mortality between migration behaviors and across population groups. Results suggest that migration delay was primarily triggered by high river temperatures but temperature thresholds for delay were lowest just before the seasonal peak in river temperatures. While all populations groups demonstrated these general patterns, we documented substantial variability in temperature thresholds and length of average delays across population groups. Although migration delay was related to higher reach mortality, it was also related to lower average daily mortality rates due to the proportional increase in reach passage duration being larger than the associated increase in mortality. Lower daily mortality rates suggest that migration delay could help mitigate the impacts of harsh migration conditions, presumably through the use of thermal refuges, despite prolonged exposure to local fisheries. Future studies tracking individual populations from their migration through reproduction could help illuminate the full extent of the tradeoffs between different migration behaviors.Jared E SiegelLisa G CrozierLauren E WiesebronDaniel L WidenerPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 5, p e0250831 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Jared E Siegel Lisa G Crozier Lauren E Wiesebron Daniel L Widener Environmentally triggered shifts in steelhead migration behavior and consequences for survival in the mid-Columbia River.
description	The majority of Columbia River summer-run steelhead encounter high river temperatures (near or > 20°C) during their spawning migration. While some steelhead pass through the mid-Columbia River in a matter of days, others use tributary habitats as temperature refuges for periods that can last months. Using PIT tag detection data from adult return years 2004-2016, we fit 3-component mixture models to differentiate between "fast", "slow", and "overwintering" migration behaviors in five aggregated population groups. Fast fish migrated straight through the reach on average in ~7-9 days while slow fish delayed their migration for weeks to months, and overwintering fish generally took ~150-250 days. We then fit covariate models to examine what factors contributed to the probability of migration delay during summer months (slow or overwintering behaviors), and to explore how migration delay related to mortality. Finally, to account for the impact of extended residence times in the reach for fish that delayed, we compared patterns in estimated average daily rates of mortality between migration behaviors and across population groups. Results suggest that migration delay was primarily triggered by high river temperatures but temperature thresholds for delay were lowest just before the seasonal peak in river temperatures. While all populations groups demonstrated these general patterns, we documented substantial variability in temperature thresholds and length of average delays across population groups. Although migration delay was related to higher reach mortality, it was also related to lower average daily mortality rates due to the proportional increase in reach passage duration being larger than the associated increase in mortality. Lower daily mortality rates suggest that migration delay could help mitigate the impacts of harsh migration conditions, presumably through the use of thermal refuges, despite prolonged exposure to local fisheries. Future studies tracking individual populations from their migration through reproduction could help illuminate the full extent of the tradeoffs between different migration behaviors.
format	article
author	Jared E Siegel Lisa G Crozier Lauren E Wiesebron Daniel L Widener
author_facet	Jared E Siegel Lisa G Crozier Lauren E Wiesebron Daniel L Widener
author_sort	Jared E Siegel
title	Environmentally triggered shifts in steelhead migration behavior and consequences for survival in the mid-Columbia River.
title_short	Environmentally triggered shifts in steelhead migration behavior and consequences for survival in the mid-Columbia River.
title_full	Environmentally triggered shifts in steelhead migration behavior and consequences for survival in the mid-Columbia River.
title_fullStr	Environmentally triggered shifts in steelhead migration behavior and consequences for survival in the mid-Columbia River.
title_full_unstemmed	Environmentally triggered shifts in steelhead migration behavior and consequences for survival in the mid-Columbia River.
title_sort	environmentally triggered shifts in steelhead migration behavior and consequences for survival in the mid-columbia river.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/caeba210decc4e118f450dc729cc5e0c
work_keys_str_mv	AT jaredesiegel environmentallytriggeredshiftsinsteelheadmigrationbehaviorandconsequencesforsurvivalinthemidcolumbiariver AT lisagcrozier environmentallytriggeredshiftsinsteelheadmigrationbehaviorandconsequencesforsurvivalinthemidcolumbiariver AT laurenewiesebron environmentallytriggeredshiftsinsteelheadmigrationbehaviorandconsequencesforsurvivalinthemidcolumbiariver AT daniellwidener environmentallytriggeredshiftsinsteelheadmigrationbehaviorandconsequencesforsurvivalinthemidcolumbiariver
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Environmentally triggered shifts in steelhead migration behavior and consequences for survival in the mid-Columbia River.

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