Remote Optogenetics Using Up/Down-Conversion Phosphors

Microbial rhodopsins widely used for optogenetics are sensitive to light in the visible spectrum. As visible light is heavily scattered and absorbed by tissue, stimulating light for optogenetic control does not reach deep in the tissue irradiated from outside the subject body. Conventional optogenet...

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Autores principales:	Takanori Matsubara, Takayuki Yamashita
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	optogenetics upconversion scintillator X-rays behavior near-infrared Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/cafcd335f7ba4560b81ee7b3a698ac85
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:cafcd335f7ba4560b81ee7b3a698ac85
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:cafcd335f7ba4560b81ee7b3a698ac852021-11-05T05:26:56ZRemote Optogenetics Using Up/Down-Conversion Phosphors2296-889X10.3389/fmolb.2021.771717https://doaj.org/article/cafcd335f7ba4560b81ee7b3a698ac852021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmolb.2021.771717/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/2296-889XMicrobial rhodopsins widely used for optogenetics are sensitive to light in the visible spectrum. As visible light is heavily scattered and absorbed by tissue, stimulating light for optogenetic control does not reach deep in the tissue irradiated from outside the subject body. Conventional optogenetics employs fiber optics inserted close to the target, which is highly invasive and poses various problems for researchers. Recent advances in material science integrated with neuroscience have enabled remote optogenetic control of neuronal activities in living animals using up- or down-conversion phosphors. The development of these methodologies has stimulated researchers to test novel strategies for less invasive, wireless control of cellular functions in the brain and other tissues. Here, we review recent reports related to these new technologies and discuss the current limitations and future perspectives toward the establishment of non-invasive optogenetics for clinical applications.Takanori MatsubaraTakayuki YamashitaFrontiers Media S.A.articleoptogeneticsupconversionscintillatorX-raysbehaviornear-infraredBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENFrontiers in Molecular Biosciences, Vol 8 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	optogenetics upconversion scintillator X-rays behavior near-infrared Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	optogenetics upconversion scintillator X-rays behavior near-infrared Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Takanori Matsubara Takayuki Yamashita Remote Optogenetics Using Up/Down-Conversion Phosphors
description	Microbial rhodopsins widely used for optogenetics are sensitive to light in the visible spectrum. As visible light is heavily scattered and absorbed by tissue, stimulating light for optogenetic control does not reach deep in the tissue irradiated from outside the subject body. Conventional optogenetics employs fiber optics inserted close to the target, which is highly invasive and poses various problems for researchers. Recent advances in material science integrated with neuroscience have enabled remote optogenetic control of neuronal activities in living animals using up- or down-conversion phosphors. The development of these methodologies has stimulated researchers to test novel strategies for less invasive, wireless control of cellular functions in the brain and other tissues. Here, we review recent reports related to these new technologies and discuss the current limitations and future perspectives toward the establishment of non-invasive optogenetics for clinical applications.
format	article
author	Takanori Matsubara Takayuki Yamashita
author_facet	Takanori Matsubara Takayuki Yamashita
author_sort	Takanori Matsubara
title	Remote Optogenetics Using Up/Down-Conversion Phosphors
title_short	Remote Optogenetics Using Up/Down-Conversion Phosphors
title_full	Remote Optogenetics Using Up/Down-Conversion Phosphors
title_fullStr	Remote Optogenetics Using Up/Down-Conversion Phosphors
title_full_unstemmed	Remote Optogenetics Using Up/Down-Conversion Phosphors
title_sort	remote optogenetics using up/down-conversion phosphors
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/cafcd335f7ba4560b81ee7b3a698ac85
work_keys_str_mv	AT takanorimatsubara remoteoptogeneticsusingupdownconversionphosphors AT takayukiyamashita remoteoptogeneticsusingupdownconversionphosphors
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Remote Optogenetics Using Up/Down-Conversion Phosphors

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