Exposure of Insects to Radio-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields from 2 to 120 GHz

Abstract Insects are continually exposed to Radio-Frequency (RF) electromagnetic fields at different frequencies. The range of frequencies used for wireless telecommunication systems will increase in the near future from below 6 GHz (2 G, 3 G, 4 G, and WiFi) to frequencies up to 120 GHz (5 G). This...

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Autores principales:	Arno Thielens, Duncan Bell, David B. Mortimore, Mark K. Greco, Luc Martens, Wout Joseph
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2018
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/cb025c45fa834f79b6e26c072cddee14
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:cb025c45fa834f79b6e26c072cddee142021-12-02T15:08:56ZExposure of Insects to Radio-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields from 2 to 120 GHz10.1038/s41598-018-22271-32045-2322https://doaj.org/article/cb025c45fa834f79b6e26c072cddee142018-03-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-22271-3https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Insects are continually exposed to Radio-Frequency (RF) electromagnetic fields at different frequencies. The range of frequencies used for wireless telecommunication systems will increase in the near future from below 6 GHz (2 G, 3 G, 4 G, and WiFi) to frequencies up to 120 GHz (5 G). This paper is the first to report the absorbed RF electromagnetic power in four different types of insects as a function of frequency from 2 GHz to 120 GHz. A set of insect models was obtained using novel Micro-CT (computer tomography) imaging. These models were used for the first time in finite-difference time-domain electromagnetic simulations. All insects showed a dependence of the absorbed power on the frequency. All insects showed a general increase in absorbed RF power at and above 6 GHz, in comparison to the absorbed RF power below 6 GHz. Our simulations showed that a shift of 10% of the incident power density to frequencies above 6 GHz would lead to an increase in absorbed power between 3–370%.Arno ThielensDuncan BellDavid B. MortimoreMark K. GrecoLuc MartensWout JosephNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 8, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2018)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Arno Thielens Duncan Bell David B. Mortimore Mark K. Greco Luc Martens Wout Joseph Exposure of Insects to Radio-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields from 2 to 120 GHz
description	Abstract Insects are continually exposed to Radio-Frequency (RF) electromagnetic fields at different frequencies. The range of frequencies used for wireless telecommunication systems will increase in the near future from below 6 GHz (2 G, 3 G, 4 G, and WiFi) to frequencies up to 120 GHz (5 G). This paper is the first to report the absorbed RF electromagnetic power in four different types of insects as a function of frequency from 2 GHz to 120 GHz. A set of insect models was obtained using novel Micro-CT (computer tomography) imaging. These models were used for the first time in finite-difference time-domain electromagnetic simulations. All insects showed a dependence of the absorbed power on the frequency. All insects showed a general increase in absorbed RF power at and above 6 GHz, in comparison to the absorbed RF power below 6 GHz. Our simulations showed that a shift of 10% of the incident power density to frequencies above 6 GHz would lead to an increase in absorbed power between 3–370%.
format	article
author	Arno Thielens Duncan Bell David B. Mortimore Mark K. Greco Luc Martens Wout Joseph
author_facet	Arno Thielens Duncan Bell David B. Mortimore Mark K. Greco Luc Martens Wout Joseph
author_sort	Arno Thielens
title	Exposure of Insects to Radio-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields from 2 to 120 GHz
title_short	Exposure of Insects to Radio-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields from 2 to 120 GHz
title_full	Exposure of Insects to Radio-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields from 2 to 120 GHz
title_fullStr	Exposure of Insects to Radio-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields from 2 to 120 GHz
title_full_unstemmed	Exposure of Insects to Radio-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields from 2 to 120 GHz
title_sort	exposure of insects to radio-frequency electromagnetic fields from 2 to 120 ghz
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2018
url	https://doaj.org/article/cb025c45fa834f79b6e26c072cddee14
work_keys_str_mv	AT arnothielens exposureofinsectstoradiofrequencyelectromagneticfieldsfrom2to120ghz AT duncanbell exposureofinsectstoradiofrequencyelectromagneticfieldsfrom2to120ghz AT davidbmortimore exposureofinsectstoradiofrequencyelectromagneticfieldsfrom2to120ghz AT markkgreco exposureofinsectstoradiofrequencyelectromagneticfieldsfrom2to120ghz AT lucmartens exposureofinsectstoradiofrequencyelectromagneticfieldsfrom2to120ghz AT woutjoseph exposureofinsectstoradiofrequencyelectromagneticfieldsfrom2to120ghz
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Exposure of Insects to Radio-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields from 2 to 120 GHz

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