Prescribed aggression of fishes: Pharmaceuticals modify aggression in environmentally relevant concentrations

Traces of psychoactive substances have been found in freshwaters globally. Fish are chronically exposed to pollution at low concentrations. The changes of aggressive behaviour of chub (Squalius cephalus) were determined under the exposure to four psychoactive compounds (sertraline, citalopram, trama...

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Autores principales:	Pavla Hubená, Pavel Horký, Roman Grabic, Kateřina Grabicová, Karel Douda, Ondřej Slavík, Tomáš Randák
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Elsevier 2021
Materias:	Pharmaceuticals Sertraline Citalopram Tramadol Methamphetamine Withdrawal effects Environmental pollution TD172-193.5 Environmental sciences GE1-350
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/cb1c11ce485a4038a002c0ed717d66f1
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:cb1c11ce485a4038a002c0ed717d66f12021-11-06T04:18:59ZPrescribed aggression of fishes: Pharmaceuticals modify aggression in environmentally relevant concentrations0147-651310.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112944https://doaj.org/article/cb1c11ce485a4038a002c0ed717d66f12021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651321010563https://doaj.org/toc/0147-6513Traces of psychoactive substances have been found in freshwaters globally. Fish are chronically exposed to pollution at low concentrations. The changes of aggressive behaviour of chub (Squalius cephalus) were determined under the exposure to four psychoactive compounds (sertraline, citalopram, tramadol, methamphetamine) at environmentally relevant concentrations of 1 μg/L for 42 days. We tested whether (A) the behavioural effect of compounds varies within a single species; (B) there is a correlation between the individual brain concentration of the tested pollutants and fish aggression using the novel analysis of pollutants in brain; and (C) there is detectable threshold to effective pollutant concentration in brain. Behaviour and pollutant concentrations in brain were determined repeatedly (1st, 7th, 21st, 42nd and 56th days), including a two-week-long depuration period. The effect of particular compounds varied. Citalopram and methamphetamine generally increased the fish aggression, while no such effect was found after exposure to tramadol or sertraline. The longitudinal analysis showed an aggression increase after depuration, indicating the presence of withdrawal effects in methamphetamine- and tramadol-exposed fish. The analysis of pollutant concentration in brain revealed a positive linear relationship of citalopram concentration and aggression, while no such effect was detected for other compounds and/or their metabolites. Structural break analyses detected concentration thresholds of citalopram (1 and 3 ng/g) and sertraline (1000 ng/g) in brain tissue, from which a significant effect on behaviour was manifested. While the effect of sertraline was not detected using traditional approaches, there was a reduction in aggression after considering its threshold concentration in the brain. Our results suggest that pursuing the concentration threshold of psychoactive compounds can help to reduce false negative results and provide more realistic predictions on behavioural outcomes in freshwater environments, especially in the case of compounds with bioaccumulation potential such as sertraline.Pavla HubenáPavel HorkýRoman GrabicKateřina GrabicováKarel DoudaOndřej SlavíkTomáš RandákElsevierarticlePharmaceuticalsSertralineCitalopramTramadolMethamphetamineWithdrawal effectsEnvironmental pollutionTD172-193.5Environmental sciencesGE1-350ENEcotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Vol 227, Iss , Pp 112944- (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Pharmaceuticals Sertraline Citalopram Tramadol Methamphetamine Withdrawal effects Environmental pollution TD172-193.5 Environmental sciences GE1-350
spellingShingle	Pharmaceuticals Sertraline Citalopram Tramadol Methamphetamine Withdrawal effects Environmental pollution TD172-193.5 Environmental sciences GE1-350 Pavla Hubená Pavel Horký Roman Grabic Kateřina Grabicová Karel Douda Ondřej Slavík Tomáš Randák Prescribed aggression of fishes: Pharmaceuticals modify aggression in environmentally relevant concentrations
description	Traces of psychoactive substances have been found in freshwaters globally. Fish are chronically exposed to pollution at low concentrations. The changes of aggressive behaviour of chub (Squalius cephalus) were determined under the exposure to four psychoactive compounds (sertraline, citalopram, tramadol, methamphetamine) at environmentally relevant concentrations of 1 μg/L for 42 days. We tested whether (A) the behavioural effect of compounds varies within a single species; (B) there is a correlation between the individual brain concentration of the tested pollutants and fish aggression using the novel analysis of pollutants in brain; and (C) there is detectable threshold to effective pollutant concentration in brain. Behaviour and pollutant concentrations in brain were determined repeatedly (1st, 7th, 21st, 42nd and 56th days), including a two-week-long depuration period. The effect of particular compounds varied. Citalopram and methamphetamine generally increased the fish aggression, while no such effect was found after exposure to tramadol or sertraline. The longitudinal analysis showed an aggression increase after depuration, indicating the presence of withdrawal effects in methamphetamine- and tramadol-exposed fish. The analysis of pollutant concentration in brain revealed a positive linear relationship of citalopram concentration and aggression, while no such effect was detected for other compounds and/or their metabolites. Structural break analyses detected concentration thresholds of citalopram (1 and 3 ng/g) and sertraline (1000 ng/g) in brain tissue, from which a significant effect on behaviour was manifested. While the effect of sertraline was not detected using traditional approaches, there was a reduction in aggression after considering its threshold concentration in the brain. Our results suggest that pursuing the concentration threshold of psychoactive compounds can help to reduce false negative results and provide more realistic predictions on behavioural outcomes in freshwater environments, especially in the case of compounds with bioaccumulation potential such as sertraline.
format	article
author	Pavla Hubená Pavel Horký Roman Grabic Kateřina Grabicová Karel Douda Ondřej Slavík Tomáš Randák
author_facet	Pavla Hubená Pavel Horký Roman Grabic Kateřina Grabicová Karel Douda Ondřej Slavík Tomáš Randák
author_sort	Pavla Hubená
title	Prescribed aggression of fishes: Pharmaceuticals modify aggression in environmentally relevant concentrations
title_short	Prescribed aggression of fishes: Pharmaceuticals modify aggression in environmentally relevant concentrations
title_full	Prescribed aggression of fishes: Pharmaceuticals modify aggression in environmentally relevant concentrations
title_fullStr	Prescribed aggression of fishes: Pharmaceuticals modify aggression in environmentally relevant concentrations
title_full_unstemmed	Prescribed aggression of fishes: Pharmaceuticals modify aggression in environmentally relevant concentrations
title_sort	prescribed aggression of fishes: pharmaceuticals modify aggression in environmentally relevant concentrations
publisher	Elsevier
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/cb1c11ce485a4038a002c0ed717d66f1
work_keys_str_mv	AT pavlahubena prescribedaggressionoffishespharmaceuticalsmodifyaggressioninenvironmentallyrelevantconcentrations AT pavelhorky prescribedaggressionoffishespharmaceuticalsmodifyaggressioninenvironmentallyrelevantconcentrations AT romangrabic prescribedaggressionoffishespharmaceuticalsmodifyaggressioninenvironmentallyrelevantconcentrations AT katerinagrabicova prescribedaggressionoffishespharmaceuticalsmodifyaggressioninenvironmentallyrelevantconcentrations AT kareldouda prescribedaggressionoffishespharmaceuticalsmodifyaggressioninenvironmentallyrelevantconcentrations AT ondrejslavik prescribedaggressionoffishespharmaceuticalsmodifyaggressioninenvironmentallyrelevantconcentrations AT tomasrandak prescribedaggressionoffishespharmaceuticalsmodifyaggressioninenvironmentallyrelevantconcentrations
_version_	1718443945049980928

Prescribed aggression of fishes: Pharmaceuticals modify aggression in environmentally relevant concentrations

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