Characteristic time in highly motivated movements of children and adults through bottlenecks

Abstract Current codes for fire protection of buildings are mainly based on the movement of adults and neglect the movement characteristic of pre-school children. Having a profound comprehension of the difference between children and adults passing bottlenecks is of great help to improve the safety...

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Autores principales:	Hongliu Li, Jun Zhang, Long Xia, Libing Yang, Weiguo Song, Kwok Kit Richard Yuen
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/cb1e5eab26d74a579295bc6f47102389
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:cb1e5eab26d74a579295bc6f471023892021-12-02T13:30:51ZCharacteristic time in highly motivated movements of children and adults through bottlenecks10.1038/s41598-021-84324-42045-2322https://doaj.org/article/cb1e5eab26d74a579295bc6f471023892021-03-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-84324-4https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Current codes for fire protection of buildings are mainly based on the movement of adults and neglect the movement characteristic of pre-school children. Having a profound comprehension of the difference between children and adults passing bottlenecks is of great help to improve the safety levels of preschool children. This paper presents an experimental study on the bottleneck flow of pre-school children in a room. The movement characteristics of children’s and adults’ bottleneck flow are investigated with two macroscopic properties: density and speed profiles as well as microscopic characteristic time: motion activation time, relaxation time, exit travel time and time gap. Arch-like density distributions are observed both for highly motivated children and adults, while the distance between the peak density region and the exit location is shorter for children and longer for adults. Children’s movement is less flexible manifested as longer motion activation time and longer relaxation time compared to that of adults. The findings from this study could enhance the understanding of crowd dynamics among the children population and provide supports for the scientific building design for children’s facilities.Hongliu LiJun ZhangLong XiaLibing YangWeiguo SongKwok Kit Richard YuenNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-18 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Hongliu Li Jun Zhang Long Xia Libing Yang Weiguo Song Kwok Kit Richard Yuen Characteristic time in highly motivated movements of children and adults through bottlenecks
description	Abstract Current codes for fire protection of buildings are mainly based on the movement of adults and neglect the movement characteristic of pre-school children. Having a profound comprehension of the difference between children and adults passing bottlenecks is of great help to improve the safety levels of preschool children. This paper presents an experimental study on the bottleneck flow of pre-school children in a room. The movement characteristics of children’s and adults’ bottleneck flow are investigated with two macroscopic properties: density and speed profiles as well as microscopic characteristic time: motion activation time, relaxation time, exit travel time and time gap. Arch-like density distributions are observed both for highly motivated children and adults, while the distance between the peak density region and the exit location is shorter for children and longer for adults. Children’s movement is less flexible manifested as longer motion activation time and longer relaxation time compared to that of adults. The findings from this study could enhance the understanding of crowd dynamics among the children population and provide supports for the scientific building design for children’s facilities.
format	article
author	Hongliu Li Jun Zhang Long Xia Libing Yang Weiguo Song Kwok Kit Richard Yuen
author_facet	Hongliu Li Jun Zhang Long Xia Libing Yang Weiguo Song Kwok Kit Richard Yuen
author_sort	Hongliu Li
title	Characteristic time in highly motivated movements of children and adults through bottlenecks
title_short	Characteristic time in highly motivated movements of children and adults through bottlenecks
title_full	Characteristic time in highly motivated movements of children and adults through bottlenecks
title_fullStr	Characteristic time in highly motivated movements of children and adults through bottlenecks
title_full_unstemmed	Characteristic time in highly motivated movements of children and adults through bottlenecks
title_sort	characteristic time in highly motivated movements of children and adults through bottlenecks
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/cb1e5eab26d74a579295bc6f47102389
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Characteristic time in highly motivated movements of children and adults through bottlenecks

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