A Comprehensive Analysis of Human Endogenous Retroviruses HERV-K (HML.2) from Teratocarcinoma Cell Lines and Detection of Viral Cargo in Microvesicles

About 8% of our genome is composed of sequences from Human Endogenous Retroviruses (HERVs). The HERV-K (HML.2) family, here abbreviated HML.2, is able to produce virus particles that were detected in cell lines, malignant tumors and in autoimmune diseases. Parameters and properties of HML.2 released...

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Autores principales:	Vladimir A. Morozov, Alexey V. Morozov
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	teratocarcinoma human endogenous retroviruses proteins deglycosylation electron microscopy viral RNA Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/cb2f380eb61c4257bcb168b58714d47b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:cb2f380eb61c4257bcb168b58714d47b2021-11-25T17:56:17ZA Comprehensive Analysis of Human Endogenous Retroviruses HERV-K (HML.2) from Teratocarcinoma Cell Lines and Detection of Viral Cargo in Microvesicles10.3390/ijms2222123981422-00671661-6596https://doaj.org/article/cb2f380eb61c4257bcb168b58714d47b2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/22/12398https://doaj.org/toc/1661-6596https://doaj.org/toc/1422-0067About 8% of our genome is composed of sequences from Human Endogenous Retroviruses (HERVs). The HERV-K (HML.2) family, here abbreviated HML.2, is able to produce virus particles that were detected in cell lines, malignant tumors and in autoimmune diseases. Parameters and properties of HML.2 released from teratocarcinoma cell lines GH and Tera-1 were investigated in detail. In most experiments, analyzed viruses were purified by density gradient centrifugation. HML.2 structural proteins, reverse transcriptase (RT) activity, viral RNA (vRNA) and particle morphology were analyzed. The HML.2 markers were predominantly detected in fractions with a buoyant density of 1.16 g/cm<sup>3</sup>. Deglycosylation of TM revealed truncated forms of transmembrane (TM) protein. Free virions and extracellular vesicles (presumably microvesicles—MVs) with HML.2 elements, including budding intermediates, were detected by electron microscopy. Viral elements and assembled virions captured and exported by MVs can boost specific immune responses and trigger immunomodulation in recipient cells. Sequencing of cDNA clones demonstrated exclusive presence of HERV-K108 <i>env</i> in HML.2 from Tera-1 cells. Not counting two recombinant variants, four known <i>env</i> sequences were found in HML.2 from GH cells. Obtained results shed light on parameters and morphology of HML.2. A possible mechanism of HML.2-induced diseases is discussed.Vladimir A. MorozovAlexey V. MorozovMDPI AGarticleteratocarcinomahuman endogenous retrovirusesproteinsdeglycosylationelectron microscopyviral RNABiology (General)QH301-705.5ChemistryQD1-999ENInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 12398, p 12398 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	teratocarcinoma human endogenous retroviruses proteins deglycosylation electron microscopy viral RNA Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999
spellingShingle	teratocarcinoma human endogenous retroviruses proteins deglycosylation electron microscopy viral RNA Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999 Vladimir A. Morozov Alexey V. Morozov A Comprehensive Analysis of Human Endogenous Retroviruses HERV-K (HML.2) from Teratocarcinoma Cell Lines and Detection of Viral Cargo in Microvesicles
description	About 8% of our genome is composed of sequences from Human Endogenous Retroviruses (HERVs). The HERV-K (HML.2) family, here abbreviated HML.2, is able to produce virus particles that were detected in cell lines, malignant tumors and in autoimmune diseases. Parameters and properties of HML.2 released from teratocarcinoma cell lines GH and Tera-1 were investigated in detail. In most experiments, analyzed viruses were purified by density gradient centrifugation. HML.2 structural proteins, reverse transcriptase (RT) activity, viral RNA (vRNA) and particle morphology were analyzed. The HML.2 markers were predominantly detected in fractions with a buoyant density of 1.16 g/cm<sup>3</sup>. Deglycosylation of TM revealed truncated forms of transmembrane (TM) protein. Free virions and extracellular vesicles (presumably microvesicles—MVs) with HML.2 elements, including budding intermediates, were detected by electron microscopy. Viral elements and assembled virions captured and exported by MVs can boost specific immune responses and trigger immunomodulation in recipient cells. Sequencing of cDNA clones demonstrated exclusive presence of HERV-K108 <i>env</i> in HML.2 from Tera-1 cells. Not counting two recombinant variants, four known <i>env</i> sequences were found in HML.2 from GH cells. Obtained results shed light on parameters and morphology of HML.2. A possible mechanism of HML.2-induced diseases is discussed.
format	article
author	Vladimir A. Morozov Alexey V. Morozov
author_facet	Vladimir A. Morozov Alexey V. Morozov
author_sort	Vladimir A. Morozov
title	A Comprehensive Analysis of Human Endogenous Retroviruses HERV-K (HML.2) from Teratocarcinoma Cell Lines and Detection of Viral Cargo in Microvesicles
title_short	A Comprehensive Analysis of Human Endogenous Retroviruses HERV-K (HML.2) from Teratocarcinoma Cell Lines and Detection of Viral Cargo in Microvesicles
title_full	A Comprehensive Analysis of Human Endogenous Retroviruses HERV-K (HML.2) from Teratocarcinoma Cell Lines and Detection of Viral Cargo in Microvesicles
title_fullStr	A Comprehensive Analysis of Human Endogenous Retroviruses HERV-K (HML.2) from Teratocarcinoma Cell Lines and Detection of Viral Cargo in Microvesicles
title_full_unstemmed	A Comprehensive Analysis of Human Endogenous Retroviruses HERV-K (HML.2) from Teratocarcinoma Cell Lines and Detection of Viral Cargo in Microvesicles
title_sort	comprehensive analysis of human endogenous retroviruses herv-k (hml.2) from teratocarcinoma cell lines and detection of viral cargo in microvesicles
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/cb2f380eb61c4257bcb168b58714d47b
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A Comprehensive Analysis of Human Endogenous Retroviruses HERV-K (HML.2) from Teratocarcinoma Cell Lines and Detection of Viral Cargo in Microvesicles

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