Understanding Drivers of Ocular Fibrosis: Current and Future Therapeutic Perspectives

Ocular fibrosis leads to severe visual impairment and blindness worldwide, being a major area of unmet need in ophthalmology and medicine. To date, the only available treatments are antimetabolite drugs that have significant potentially blinding side effects, such as tissue damage and infection. The...

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Autores principales:	Fabiana Mallone, Roberta Costi, Marco Marenco, Rocco Plateroti, Antonio Minni, Giuseppe Attanasio, Marco Artico, Alessandro Lambiase
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	ocular fibrosis ocular inflammation age-related macular degeneration diabetic retinopathy glaucoma optic neuropathy Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/cb71e9d22f7f40b3b57e8b81fe01434e
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:cb71e9d22f7f40b3b57e8b81fe01434e2021-11-11T17:12:09ZUnderstanding Drivers of Ocular Fibrosis: Current and Future Therapeutic Perspectives10.3390/ijms2221117481422-00671661-6596https://doaj.org/article/cb71e9d22f7f40b3b57e8b81fe01434e2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/21/11748https://doaj.org/toc/1661-6596https://doaj.org/toc/1422-0067Ocular fibrosis leads to severe visual impairment and blindness worldwide, being a major area of unmet need in ophthalmology and medicine. To date, the only available treatments are antimetabolite drugs that have significant potentially blinding side effects, such as tissue damage and infection. There is thus an urgent need to identify novel targets to prevent/treat scarring and postsurgical fibrosis in the eye. In this review, the latest progress in biological mechanisms underlying ocular fibrosis are discussed. We also summarize the current knowledge on preclinical studies based on viral and non-viral gene therapy, as well as chemical inhibitors, for targeting TGFβ or downstream effectors in fibrotic disorders of the eye. Moreover, the role of angiogenetic and biomechanical factors in ocular fibrosis is discussed, focusing on related preclinical treatment approaches. Moreover, we describe available evidence on clinical studies investigating the use of therapies targeting TGFβ-dependent pathways, angiogenetic factors, and biomechanical factors, alone or in combination with other strategies, in ocular tissue fibrosis. Finally, the recent progress in cell-based therapies for treating fibrotic eye disorders is discussed. The increasing knowledge of these disorders in the eye and the promising results from testing of novel targeted therapies could offer viable perspectives for translation into clinical use.Fabiana MalloneRoberta CostiMarco MarencoRocco PlaterotiAntonio MinniGiuseppe AttanasioMarco ArticoAlessandro LambiaseMDPI AGarticleocular fibrosisocular inflammationage-related macular degenerationdiabetic retinopathyglaucomaoptic neuropathyBiology (General)QH301-705.5ChemistryQD1-999ENInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 11748, p 11748 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	ocular fibrosis ocular inflammation age-related macular degeneration diabetic retinopathy glaucoma optic neuropathy Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999
spellingShingle	ocular fibrosis ocular inflammation age-related macular degeneration diabetic retinopathy glaucoma optic neuropathy Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999 Fabiana Mallone Roberta Costi Marco Marenco Rocco Plateroti Antonio Minni Giuseppe Attanasio Marco Artico Alessandro Lambiase Understanding Drivers of Ocular Fibrosis: Current and Future Therapeutic Perspectives
description	Ocular fibrosis leads to severe visual impairment and blindness worldwide, being a major area of unmet need in ophthalmology and medicine. To date, the only available treatments are antimetabolite drugs that have significant potentially blinding side effects, such as tissue damage and infection. There is thus an urgent need to identify novel targets to prevent/treat scarring and postsurgical fibrosis in the eye. In this review, the latest progress in biological mechanisms underlying ocular fibrosis are discussed. We also summarize the current knowledge on preclinical studies based on viral and non-viral gene therapy, as well as chemical inhibitors, for targeting TGFβ or downstream effectors in fibrotic disorders of the eye. Moreover, the role of angiogenetic and biomechanical factors in ocular fibrosis is discussed, focusing on related preclinical treatment approaches. Moreover, we describe available evidence on clinical studies investigating the use of therapies targeting TGFβ-dependent pathways, angiogenetic factors, and biomechanical factors, alone or in combination with other strategies, in ocular tissue fibrosis. Finally, the recent progress in cell-based therapies for treating fibrotic eye disorders is discussed. The increasing knowledge of these disorders in the eye and the promising results from testing of novel targeted therapies could offer viable perspectives for translation into clinical use.
format	article
author	Fabiana Mallone Roberta Costi Marco Marenco Rocco Plateroti Antonio Minni Giuseppe Attanasio Marco Artico Alessandro Lambiase
author_facet	Fabiana Mallone Roberta Costi Marco Marenco Rocco Plateroti Antonio Minni Giuseppe Attanasio Marco Artico Alessandro Lambiase
author_sort	Fabiana Mallone
title	Understanding Drivers of Ocular Fibrosis: Current and Future Therapeutic Perspectives
title_short	Understanding Drivers of Ocular Fibrosis: Current and Future Therapeutic Perspectives
title_full	Understanding Drivers of Ocular Fibrosis: Current and Future Therapeutic Perspectives
title_fullStr	Understanding Drivers of Ocular Fibrosis: Current and Future Therapeutic Perspectives
title_full_unstemmed	Understanding Drivers of Ocular Fibrosis: Current and Future Therapeutic Perspectives
title_sort	understanding drivers of ocular fibrosis: current and future therapeutic perspectives
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/cb71e9d22f7f40b3b57e8b81fe01434e
work_keys_str_mv	AT fabianamallone understandingdriversofocularfibrosiscurrentandfuturetherapeuticperspectives AT robertacosti understandingdriversofocularfibrosiscurrentandfuturetherapeuticperspectives AT marcomarenco understandingdriversofocularfibrosiscurrentandfuturetherapeuticperspectives AT roccoplateroti understandingdriversofocularfibrosiscurrentandfuturetherapeuticperspectives AT antoniominni understandingdriversofocularfibrosiscurrentandfuturetherapeuticperspectives AT giuseppeattanasio understandingdriversofocularfibrosiscurrentandfuturetherapeuticperspectives AT marcoartico understandingdriversofocularfibrosiscurrentandfuturetherapeuticperspectives AT alessandrolambiase understandingdriversofocularfibrosiscurrentandfuturetherapeuticperspectives
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Understanding Drivers of Ocular Fibrosis: Current and Future Therapeutic Perspectives

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