The roles of exosomal immune checkpoint proteins in tumors
Abstract Targeting immune checkpoints has achieved great therapeutic effects in the treatment of early-stage tumors. However, most patients develop adaptive resistance to this therapy. The latest evidence demonstrates that tumor-derived exosomes may play a key role in systemic immune suppression and...
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BMC
2021
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oai:doaj.org-article:cb7393321c9049f5bd1dda0f28ceda4e2021-11-14T12:28:59ZThe roles of exosomal immune checkpoint proteins in tumors10.1186/s40779-021-00350-32054-9369https://doaj.org/article/cb7393321c9049f5bd1dda0f28ceda4e2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1186/s40779-021-00350-3https://doaj.org/toc/2054-9369Abstract Targeting immune checkpoints has achieved great therapeutic effects in the treatment of early-stage tumors. However, most patients develop adaptive resistance to this therapy. The latest evidence demonstrates that tumor-derived exosomes may play a key role in systemic immune suppression and tumor progression. In this article, we highlight the role of exosomal immune checkpoint proteins in tumor immunity, with an emphasis on programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4), as well as emerging evidence on roles of T cell immunoglobulin-3 (TIM-3), arginase 1 (ARG1), and estrogen receptor binding fragment-associated antigen 9 (EBAG9) expressed by exosomes.Cheng XingHeng LiRui-Juan LiLe YinHui-Fang ZhangZi-Neng HuangZhao ChengJi LiZhi-Hua WangHong-Ling PengBMCarticleExosomesTumorImmune checkpointsMedicine (General)R5-920Military ScienceUENMilitary Medical Research, Vol 8, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2021) |
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DOAJ |
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DOAJ |
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EN |
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Exosomes Tumor Immune checkpoints Medicine (General) R5-920 Military Science U |
| spellingShingle |
Exosomes Tumor Immune checkpoints Medicine (General) R5-920 Military Science U Cheng Xing Heng Li Rui-Juan Li Le Yin Hui-Fang Zhang Zi-Neng Huang Zhao Cheng Ji Li Zhi-Hua Wang Hong-Ling Peng The roles of exosomal immune checkpoint proteins in tumors |
| description |
Abstract Targeting immune checkpoints has achieved great therapeutic effects in the treatment of early-stage tumors. However, most patients develop adaptive resistance to this therapy. The latest evidence demonstrates that tumor-derived exosomes may play a key role in systemic immune suppression and tumor progression. In this article, we highlight the role of exosomal immune checkpoint proteins in tumor immunity, with an emphasis on programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4), as well as emerging evidence on roles of T cell immunoglobulin-3 (TIM-3), arginase 1 (ARG1), and estrogen receptor binding fragment-associated antigen 9 (EBAG9) expressed by exosomes. |
| format |
article |
| author |
Cheng Xing Heng Li Rui-Juan Li Le Yin Hui-Fang Zhang Zi-Neng Huang Zhao Cheng Ji Li Zhi-Hua Wang Hong-Ling Peng |
| author_facet |
Cheng Xing Heng Li Rui-Juan Li Le Yin Hui-Fang Zhang Zi-Neng Huang Zhao Cheng Ji Li Zhi-Hua Wang Hong-Ling Peng |
| author_sort |
Cheng Xing |
| title |
The roles of exosomal immune checkpoint proteins in tumors |
| title_short |
The roles of exosomal immune checkpoint proteins in tumors |
| title_full |
The roles of exosomal immune checkpoint proteins in tumors |
| title_fullStr |
The roles of exosomal immune checkpoint proteins in tumors |
| title_full_unstemmed |
The roles of exosomal immune checkpoint proteins in tumors |
| title_sort |
roles of exosomal immune checkpoint proteins in tumors |
| publisher |
BMC |
| publishDate |
2021 |
| url |
https://doaj.org/article/cb7393321c9049f5bd1dda0f28ceda4e |
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