Effects of short-term oral vitamin A supplementation on the ocular tear film in patients with dry eye

Saud A Alanazi, Gamal A El-Hiti, Abdulaziz A Al-Baloud, Mohamed I Alfarhan, Ammar Al-Shahrani, Abdulkareem A Albakri, Saad Alqahtani, Ali M Masmali Cornea Research Chair, Department of Optometry, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia Objective: To in...

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Autores principales:	Alanazi SA, El-Hiti GA, Al-Baloud AA, Alfarhan MI, Al-Shahrani A, Albakri AA, Alqahtani S, Masmali AM
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2019
Materias:	vitamin A supplement dry eye tear film tear ferning phenol red thread test tear break-up time tear osmolarity Ophthalmology RE1-994
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/cb927e73f7cd4a4bbba1156d2004be96
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:cb927e73f7cd4a4bbba1156d2004be962021-12-02T07:56:16ZEffects of short-term oral vitamin A supplementation on the ocular tear film in patients with dry eye1177-5483https://doaj.org/article/cb927e73f7cd4a4bbba1156d2004be962019-04-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/effects-of-short-term-oral-vitamin-a-supplementation-on-the-ocular-tea-peer-reviewed-article-OPTHhttps://doaj.org/toc/1177-5483Saud A Alanazi, Gamal A El-Hiti, Abdulaziz A Al-Baloud, Mohamed I Alfarhan, Ammar Al-Shahrani, Abdulkareem A Albakri, Saad Alqahtani, Ali M Masmali Cornea Research Chair, Department of Optometry, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia Objective: To investigate the effects of short-term oral vitamin A supplementation on the ocular tear film in patients with dry eye. Methods: In total, 30 male patients with dry eye (age range, 18–38 years; mean age, 25.2±2.8 years) who did not wear contact lenses or exhibit any ocular (other than dry eye) or systemic diseases were included, along with 30 age-matched men (control group; mean age, 24.5±2.3 years) with healthy eyes. Subject exclusion was based on the findings of the McMonnies questionnaire (cutoff score for dry eye: 14.5) and slit-lamp biomicroscopy. All subjects received an oral vitamin A supplement at a daily dose of 1,500 mg for 3 consecutive days. The phenol red thread (PRT) test was performed along with assessments of tear ferning (TF), tear osmolarity, and the tear break-up time (TBUT) before and 24 hours after the third dose of the vitamin A supplement. A 10-minute interval was observed between different tests. Results: In the dry eye group, the TF grade (Wilcoxon test, P=0.01) exhibited a significant decrease, while the tear osmolarity value (t-test, P=0.01) exhibited a significant increase after vitamin A supplementation. The PRT test findings (P=0.17) and TBUT (P=0.49) showed no significant differences before and after vitamin A supplementation. In the control group, vitamin A supplementation showed no significant effects on TF (P=0.74), tear osmolarity (P=0.55), the TBUT (P=0.19), and the PRT test scores (P=0.48). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that short-term oral vitamin A supplementation improves the quality, but not quantity, of tears in patients with dry eye. Future studies should involve larger patient samples and longer periods of vitamin A supplementation. Keywords: vitamin A supplement, dry eye, tear film, tear ferning, phenol red thread test, tear break-up time, tear osmolarityAlanazi SAEl-Hiti GAAl-Baloud AAAlfarhan MIAl-Shahrani AAlbakri AAAlqahtani SMasmali AMDove Medical Pressarticlevitamin A supplementdry eyetear filmtear ferningphenol red thread testtear break-up timetear osmolarityOphthalmologyRE1-994ENClinical Ophthalmology, Vol Volume 13, Pp 599-604 (2019)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	vitamin A supplement dry eye tear film tear ferning phenol red thread test tear break-up time tear osmolarity Ophthalmology RE1-994
spellingShingle	vitamin A supplement dry eye tear film tear ferning phenol red thread test tear break-up time tear osmolarity Ophthalmology RE1-994 Alanazi SA El-Hiti GA Al-Baloud AA Alfarhan MI Al-Shahrani A Albakri AA Alqahtani S Masmali AM Effects of short-term oral vitamin A supplementation on the ocular tear film in patients with dry eye
description	Saud A Alanazi, Gamal A El-Hiti, Abdulaziz A Al-Baloud, Mohamed I Alfarhan, Ammar Al-Shahrani, Abdulkareem A Albakri, Saad Alqahtani, Ali M Masmali Cornea Research Chair, Department of Optometry, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia Objective: To investigate the effects of short-term oral vitamin A supplementation on the ocular tear film in patients with dry eye. Methods: In total, 30 male patients with dry eye (age range, 18–38 years; mean age, 25.2±2.8 years) who did not wear contact lenses or exhibit any ocular (other than dry eye) or systemic diseases were included, along with 30 age-matched men (control group; mean age, 24.5±2.3 years) with healthy eyes. Subject exclusion was based on the findings of the McMonnies questionnaire (cutoff score for dry eye: 14.5) and slit-lamp biomicroscopy. All subjects received an oral vitamin A supplement at a daily dose of 1,500 mg for 3 consecutive days. The phenol red thread (PRT) test was performed along with assessments of tear ferning (TF), tear osmolarity, and the tear break-up time (TBUT) before and 24 hours after the third dose of the vitamin A supplement. A 10-minute interval was observed between different tests. Results: In the dry eye group, the TF grade (Wilcoxon test, P=0.01) exhibited a significant decrease, while the tear osmolarity value (t-test, P=0.01) exhibited a significant increase after vitamin A supplementation. The PRT test findings (P=0.17) and TBUT (P=0.49) showed no significant differences before and after vitamin A supplementation. In the control group, vitamin A supplementation showed no significant effects on TF (P=0.74), tear osmolarity (P=0.55), the TBUT (P=0.19), and the PRT test scores (P=0.48). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that short-term oral vitamin A supplementation improves the quality, but not quantity, of tears in patients with dry eye. Future studies should involve larger patient samples and longer periods of vitamin A supplementation. Keywords: vitamin A supplement, dry eye, tear film, tear ferning, phenol red thread test, tear break-up time, tear osmolarity
format	article
author	Alanazi SA El-Hiti GA Al-Baloud AA Alfarhan MI Al-Shahrani A Albakri AA Alqahtani S Masmali AM
author_facet	Alanazi SA El-Hiti GA Al-Baloud AA Alfarhan MI Al-Shahrani A Albakri AA Alqahtani S Masmali AM
author_sort	Alanazi SA
title	Effects of short-term oral vitamin A supplementation on the ocular tear film in patients with dry eye
title_short	Effects of short-term oral vitamin A supplementation on the ocular tear film in patients with dry eye
title_full	Effects of short-term oral vitamin A supplementation on the ocular tear film in patients with dry eye
title_fullStr	Effects of short-term oral vitamin A supplementation on the ocular tear film in patients with dry eye
title_full_unstemmed	Effects of short-term oral vitamin A supplementation on the ocular tear film in patients with dry eye
title_sort	effects of short-term oral vitamin a supplementation on the ocular tear film in patients with dry eye
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2019
url	https://doaj.org/article/cb927e73f7cd4a4bbba1156d2004be96
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Effects of short-term oral vitamin A supplementation on the ocular tear film in patients with dry eye

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