Novel mechanisms of central nervous system damage in HIV infection

Joy E Hazleton1, Joan W Berman1,2, Eliseo A Eugenin11Department of Pathology and 2Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USAAbstract: Human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection of the central nervous system is an early event after primary infection,...

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Autores principales:	Joy E Hazleton, Joan W Berman, Eliseo A Eugenin
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2010
Materias:	Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/cbde83ebbee9430db77f09ab9ff37dfd
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:cbde83ebbee9430db77f09ab9ff37dfd2021-12-02T05:33:40ZNovel mechanisms of central nervous system damage in HIV infection1179-1373https://doaj.org/article/cbde83ebbee9430db77f09ab9ff37dfd2010-03-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.dovepress.com/novel-mechanisms-of-central-nervous-system-damage-in-hiv-infection-a4079https://doaj.org/toc/1179-1373Joy E Hazleton1, Joan W Berman1,2, Eliseo A Eugenin11Department of Pathology and 2Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USAAbstract: Human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection of the central nervous system is an early event after primary infection, resulting in motor and cognitive defects in a significant number of individuals despite successful antiretroviral therapy. The pathology of the infected brain is characterized by enhanced leukocyte infiltration, microglial activation and nodules, aberrant expression of inflammatory factors, neuronal dysregulation and loss, and blood&ndash;brain barrier disruption. Months to years following the primary infection, these central nervous system insults result in a spectrum of motor and cognitive dysfunction, ranging from mild impairment to frank dementia. The mechanisms that mediate impairment are still not fully defined. In this review we discuss the cellular and molecular mechanisms that facilitate impairment and new data that implicate intercellular communication systems, gap junctions and tunneling nanotubes, as mediators of human immunodeficiency virus-1 toxicity and infection within the central nervous system. These data suggest potential targets for novel therapeutics.Keywords: AIDS, dementia, inflammation, gap junctions, nanotubes, chemokines Joy E HazletonJoan W BermanEliseo A EugeninDove Medical PressarticleImmunologic diseases. AllergyRC581-607ENHIV/AIDS: Research and Palliative Care, Vol 2010, Iss default, Pp 39-49 (2010)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607
spellingShingle	Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Joy E Hazleton Joan W Berman Eliseo A Eugenin Novel mechanisms of central nervous system damage in HIV infection
description	Joy E Hazleton1, Joan W Berman1,2, Eliseo A Eugenin11Department of Pathology and 2Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USAAbstract: Human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection of the central nervous system is an early event after primary infection, resulting in motor and cognitive defects in a significant number of individuals despite successful antiretroviral therapy. The pathology of the infected brain is characterized by enhanced leukocyte infiltration, microglial activation and nodules, aberrant expression of inflammatory factors, neuronal dysregulation and loss, and blood&ndash;brain barrier disruption. Months to years following the primary infection, these central nervous system insults result in a spectrum of motor and cognitive dysfunction, ranging from mild impairment to frank dementia. The mechanisms that mediate impairment are still not fully defined. In this review we discuss the cellular and molecular mechanisms that facilitate impairment and new data that implicate intercellular communication systems, gap junctions and tunneling nanotubes, as mediators of human immunodeficiency virus-1 toxicity and infection within the central nervous system. These data suggest potential targets for novel therapeutics.Keywords: AIDS, dementia, inflammation, gap junctions, nanotubes, chemokines
format	article
author	Joy E Hazleton Joan W Berman Eliseo A Eugenin
author_facet	Joy E Hazleton Joan W Berman Eliseo A Eugenin
author_sort	Joy E Hazleton
title	Novel mechanisms of central nervous system damage in HIV infection
title_short	Novel mechanisms of central nervous system damage in HIV infection
title_full	Novel mechanisms of central nervous system damage in HIV infection
title_fullStr	Novel mechanisms of central nervous system damage in HIV infection
title_full_unstemmed	Novel mechanisms of central nervous system damage in HIV infection
title_sort	novel mechanisms of central nervous system damage in hiv infection
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2010
url	https://doaj.org/article/cbde83ebbee9430db77f09ab9ff37dfd
work_keys_str_mv	AT joyehazleton novelmechanismsofcentralnervoussystemdamageinhivinfection AT joanwberman novelmechanismsofcentralnervoussystemdamageinhivinfection AT eliseoaeugenin novelmechanismsofcentralnervoussystemdamageinhivinfection
_version_	1718400375762976768

Novel mechanisms of central nervous system damage in HIV infection

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