Occurrence of Pesticides Associated with an Agricultural Drainage System in a Mediterranean Environment

Surface water pollution (as a result of pesticides) is a major problem, due to the negative impact on human health and ecosystems. The excessive use and persistence of surface water pollution in the environment may present a notable risk. In this article, DDT and its metabolite DDE hereafter, DDT–DD...

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Autores principales:	Ignacio Melendez-Pastor, Encarni I. Hernández, Jose Navarro-Pedreño, María Belén Almendro-Candel, Ignacio Gómez Lucas, Manuel Miguel Jordán Vidal
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	irrigation systems DDT glyphosate salinity spatial autocorrelation Technology T Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/cbe24d8535014a648f1a87e7c671e6f6
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:cbe24d8535014a648f1a87e7c671e6f6
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:cbe24d8535014a648f1a87e7c671e6f62021-11-11T15:15:53ZOccurrence of Pesticides Associated with an Agricultural Drainage System in a Mediterranean Environment10.3390/app1121102122076-3417https://doaj.org/article/cbe24d8535014a648f1a87e7c671e6f62021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/21/10212https://doaj.org/toc/2076-3417Surface water pollution (as a result of pesticides) is a major problem, due to the negative impact on human health and ecosystems. The excessive use and persistence of surface water pollution in the environment may present a notable risk. In this article, DDT and its metabolite DDE hereafter, DDT–DDE), and a commonly used pesticide (herbicide) glyphosate, were analyzed in agricultural drainage waters; afterward, a spatial analysis was applied to identify potential areas of high pesticide occurrence in an agricultural Mediterranean coastal floodplain. The spatial distribution of banned (Directive 79/117/EEC), yet highly persistent pesticides in the environment, such as DDT (and metabolites), was compared with the (currently and mostly used) glyphosate. A sequence of various point patterns, spatial analysis methods, and non-parametric statistics, were computed to elucidate the pesticide pollution hotspots. As a reference value, almost 70% of the water samples were above the World Health Organization (WHO) guideline for DDT (and metabolites) for drinking water (1 µg/L), with a maximum of 6.53 µg/L. Our spatial analysis approach revealed a significantly high concentration of DDT–DDE clusters close to wetlands in natural parks, where mosquitos are abundant, and pesticides persist and flow to the surface waters from soil and groundwater pools. Conversely, glyphosate concentrations were below WHO guidelines; their spatial patterns were related more toward current agricultural uses in the southern sector of the study area.Ignacio Melendez-PastorEncarni I. HernándezJose Navarro-PedreñoMaría Belén Almendro-CandelIgnacio Gómez LucasManuel Miguel Jordán VidalMDPI AGarticleirrigation systemsDDTglyphosatesalinityspatial autocorrelationTechnologyTEngineering (General). Civil engineering (General)TA1-2040Biology (General)QH301-705.5PhysicsQC1-999ChemistryQD1-999ENApplied Sciences, Vol 11, Iss 10212, p 10212 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	irrigation systems DDT glyphosate salinity spatial autocorrelation Technology T Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999
spellingShingle	irrigation systems DDT glyphosate salinity spatial autocorrelation Technology T Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999 Ignacio Melendez-Pastor Encarni I. Hernández Jose Navarro-Pedreño María Belén Almendro-Candel Ignacio Gómez Lucas Manuel Miguel Jordán Vidal Occurrence of Pesticides Associated with an Agricultural Drainage System in a Mediterranean Environment
description	Surface water pollution (as a result of pesticides) is a major problem, due to the negative impact on human health and ecosystems. The excessive use and persistence of surface water pollution in the environment may present a notable risk. In this article, DDT and its metabolite DDE hereafter, DDT–DDE), and a commonly used pesticide (herbicide) glyphosate, were analyzed in agricultural drainage waters; afterward, a spatial analysis was applied to identify potential areas of high pesticide occurrence in an agricultural Mediterranean coastal floodplain. The spatial distribution of banned (Directive 79/117/EEC), yet highly persistent pesticides in the environment, such as DDT (and metabolites), was compared with the (currently and mostly used) glyphosate. A sequence of various point patterns, spatial analysis methods, and non-parametric statistics, were computed to elucidate the pesticide pollution hotspots. As a reference value, almost 70% of the water samples were above the World Health Organization (WHO) guideline for DDT (and metabolites) for drinking water (1 µg/L), with a maximum of 6.53 µg/L. Our spatial analysis approach revealed a significantly high concentration of DDT–DDE clusters close to wetlands in natural parks, where mosquitos are abundant, and pesticides persist and flow to the surface waters from soil and groundwater pools. Conversely, glyphosate concentrations were below WHO guidelines; their spatial patterns were related more toward current agricultural uses in the southern sector of the study area.
format	article
author	Ignacio Melendez-Pastor Encarni I. Hernández Jose Navarro-Pedreño María Belén Almendro-Candel Ignacio Gómez Lucas Manuel Miguel Jordán Vidal
author_facet	Ignacio Melendez-Pastor Encarni I. Hernández Jose Navarro-Pedreño María Belén Almendro-Candel Ignacio Gómez Lucas Manuel Miguel Jordán Vidal
author_sort	Ignacio Melendez-Pastor
title	Occurrence of Pesticides Associated with an Agricultural Drainage System in a Mediterranean Environment
title_short	Occurrence of Pesticides Associated with an Agricultural Drainage System in a Mediterranean Environment
title_full	Occurrence of Pesticides Associated with an Agricultural Drainage System in a Mediterranean Environment
title_fullStr	Occurrence of Pesticides Associated with an Agricultural Drainage System in a Mediterranean Environment
title_full_unstemmed	Occurrence of Pesticides Associated with an Agricultural Drainage System in a Mediterranean Environment
title_sort	occurrence of pesticides associated with an agricultural drainage system in a mediterranean environment
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/cbe24d8535014a648f1a87e7c671e6f6
work_keys_str_mv	AT ignaciomelendezpastor occurrenceofpesticidesassociatedwithanagriculturaldrainagesysteminamediterraneanenvironment AT encarniihernandez occurrenceofpesticidesassociatedwithanagriculturaldrainagesysteminamediterraneanenvironment AT josenavarropedreno occurrenceofpesticidesassociatedwithanagriculturaldrainagesysteminamediterraneanenvironment AT mariabelenalmendrocandel occurrenceofpesticidesassociatedwithanagriculturaldrainagesysteminamediterraneanenvironment AT ignaciogomezlucas occurrenceofpesticidesassociatedwithanagriculturaldrainagesysteminamediterraneanenvironment AT manuelmigueljordanvidal occurrenceofpesticidesassociatedwithanagriculturaldrainagesysteminamediterraneanenvironment
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Occurrence of Pesticides Associated with an Agricultural Drainage System in a Mediterranean Environment

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