Stereopsis in Sports: Visual Skills and Visuomotor Integration Models in Professional and Non-Professional Athletes

Visual skills in sport are considered relevant variables of athletic performance. However, data on the specific contribution of stereopsis—as the ability to perceive depth—in sport performance are still scarce and scattered in the literature. The aim of this review is therefore to take stock of the...

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Autores principales:	Valentina Presta, Costanza Vitale, Luca Ambrosini, Giuliana Gobbi
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	depth perception sport vision sport expertise athletic performance Medicine R
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/cbe2725aaac14c7a958a62f9c67ef317
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:cbe2725aaac14c7a958a62f9c67ef3172021-11-11T16:26:15ZStereopsis in Sports: Visual Skills and Visuomotor Integration Models in Professional and Non-Professional Athletes10.3390/ijerph1821112811660-46011661-7827https://doaj.org/article/cbe2725aaac14c7a958a62f9c67ef3172021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/21/11281https://doaj.org/toc/1661-7827https://doaj.org/toc/1660-4601Visual skills in sport are considered relevant variables of athletic performance. However, data on the specific contribution of stereopsis—as the ability to perceive depth—in sport performance are still scarce and scattered in the literature. The aim of this review is therefore to take stock of the effects of stereopsis on the athletic performance, also looking at the training tools to improve visual abilities and potential differences in the visuomotor integration processes of professional and non-professional athletes. Dynamic stereopsis is mainly involved in catching or interceptive actions of ball sports, whereas strategic sports use different visual skills (peripheral and spatial vision) due to the sport-specific requirements. As expected, professional athletes show better visual skills as compared to non-professionals. However, both non-professional and professional athletes should train their visual skills by using sensory stations and light boards systems. Non-professional athletes use the visual inputs as the main method for programming motor gestures. In contrast, professional athletes integrate visual information with sport expertise, thus, they encode the match (or the athletic performance) through a more complex visuomotor integration system. Although studies on visual skills and stereopsis in sports still appear to be in their early stages, they show a large potential for both scientific knowledge and technical development.Valentina PrestaCostanza VitaleLuca AmbrosiniGiuliana GobbiMDPI AGarticledepth perceptionsport visionsport expertiseathletic performanceMedicineRENInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 18, Iss 11281, p 11281 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	depth perception sport vision sport expertise athletic performance Medicine R
spellingShingle	depth perception sport vision sport expertise athletic performance Medicine R Valentina Presta Costanza Vitale Luca Ambrosini Giuliana Gobbi Stereopsis in Sports: Visual Skills and Visuomotor Integration Models in Professional and Non-Professional Athletes
description	Visual skills in sport are considered relevant variables of athletic performance. However, data on the specific contribution of stereopsis—as the ability to perceive depth—in sport performance are still scarce and scattered in the literature. The aim of this review is therefore to take stock of the effects of stereopsis on the athletic performance, also looking at the training tools to improve visual abilities and potential differences in the visuomotor integration processes of professional and non-professional athletes. Dynamic stereopsis is mainly involved in catching or interceptive actions of ball sports, whereas strategic sports use different visual skills (peripheral and spatial vision) due to the sport-specific requirements. As expected, professional athletes show better visual skills as compared to non-professionals. However, both non-professional and professional athletes should train their visual skills by using sensory stations and light boards systems. Non-professional athletes use the visual inputs as the main method for programming motor gestures. In contrast, professional athletes integrate visual information with sport expertise, thus, they encode the match (or the athletic performance) through a more complex visuomotor integration system. Although studies on visual skills and stereopsis in sports still appear to be in their early stages, they show a large potential for both scientific knowledge and technical development.
format	article
author	Valentina Presta Costanza Vitale Luca Ambrosini Giuliana Gobbi
author_facet	Valentina Presta Costanza Vitale Luca Ambrosini Giuliana Gobbi
author_sort	Valentina Presta
title	Stereopsis in Sports: Visual Skills and Visuomotor Integration Models in Professional and Non-Professional Athletes
title_short	Stereopsis in Sports: Visual Skills and Visuomotor Integration Models in Professional and Non-Professional Athletes
title_full	Stereopsis in Sports: Visual Skills and Visuomotor Integration Models in Professional and Non-Professional Athletes
title_fullStr	Stereopsis in Sports: Visual Skills and Visuomotor Integration Models in Professional and Non-Professional Athletes
title_full_unstemmed	Stereopsis in Sports: Visual Skills and Visuomotor Integration Models in Professional and Non-Professional Athletes
title_sort	stereopsis in sports: visual skills and visuomotor integration models in professional and non-professional athletes
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/cbe2725aaac14c7a958a62f9c67ef317
work_keys_str_mv	AT valentinapresta stereopsisinsportsvisualskillsandvisuomotorintegrationmodelsinprofessionalandnonprofessionalathletes AT costanzavitale stereopsisinsportsvisualskillsandvisuomotorintegrationmodelsinprofessionalandnonprofessionalathletes AT lucaambrosini stereopsisinsportsvisualskillsandvisuomotorintegrationmodelsinprofessionalandnonprofessionalathletes AT giulianagobbi stereopsisinsportsvisualskillsandvisuomotorintegrationmodelsinprofessionalandnonprofessionalathletes
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Stereopsis in Sports: Visual Skills and Visuomotor Integration Models in Professional and Non-Professional Athletes

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