These boots are made for burnin': Inferring the position of the corpse and the presence of leather footwears during cremation through isotope (δ13C, δ18O) and infrared (FTIR) analyses of experimentally burnt skeletal remains.

Cremation is a complex mortuary practice, involving a number of activities of the living towards the dead before, during, and after the destruction of the bodily soft tissues by fire. The limiting information concerning these behavioral patterns obtained from the pyre remains and/or cremation deposi...

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Autores principales: Kevin Salesse, Elisavet Stamataki, Ioannis Kontopoulos, Georges Verly, Rica Annaert, Mathieu Boudin, Giacomo Capuzzo, Philippe Claeys, Sarah Dalle, Marta Hlad, Guy de Mulder, Charlotte Sabaux, Amanda Sengeløv, Barbara Veselka, Eugène Warmenbol, Martine Vercauteren, Christophe Snoeck
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spelling oai:doaj.org-article:cbe293817de64dd6a28411205e6c46972021-12-02T20:17:00ZThese boots are made for burnin': Inferring the position of the corpse and the presence of leather footwears during cremation through isotope (δ13C, δ18O) and infrared (FTIR) analyses of experimentally burnt skeletal remains.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0257199https://doaj.org/article/cbe293817de64dd6a28411205e6c46972021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257199https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Cremation is a complex mortuary practice, involving a number of activities of the living towards the dead before, during, and after the destruction of the bodily soft tissues by fire. The limiting information concerning these behavioral patterns obtained from the pyre remains and/or cremation deposits prevents the reconstruction of the handling of the corpse during the burning process. This pioneering study tries to determine the initial positioning of the corpse in the pyre and assess whether the deceased was wearing closed leather shoes during cremation through isotopic (δ13C, δ18O) and infrared (ATR-FTIR) analyses of experimentally burnt pig remains, used as a proxy for humans. The results obtained show that both the position of feet on or within the pyre and the presence of footwears may moderately-to-highly influence the oxygen isotope ratios of bone apatite carbonates and the cyanamide content of calcined bone in certain situations. By forming a protective layer, shoes appear to temporarily delay the burning of the underlying pig tissues and to increase the heat-shielding effect of the soft tissues protecting the bone mineral fraction. In such case, bioapatite bone carbonates exchange oxygen with a relatively more 18O-depleted atmosphere (due to the influence of lignin-derived oxygen rather than cellulose-derived oxygen), resulting in more pronounced decrease in the δ18Ocarb values during burning of the shoed feet vs. unshoed feet. The shift observed here was as high as 2.5‰. A concomitant isotopic effect of the initial location of the feet in the pyres was also observed, resulting in a top-to-bottom decrease difference in the δ18Ocarb values of shoed feet of about 1.4‰ between each deposition level tested. Finally, the presence of cyanamide (CN/P ≥ 0.02) seems to be indicative of closed footwear since the latter creates favorable conditions for its incorporation into bone apatite.Kevin SalesseElisavet StamatakiIoannis KontopoulosGeorges VerlyRica AnnaertMathieu BoudinGiacomo CapuzzoPhilippe ClaeysSarah DalleMarta HladGuy de MulderCharlotte SabauxAmanda SengeløvBarbara VeselkaEugène WarmenbolMartine VercauterenChristophe SnoeckPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 10, p e0257199 (2021)
institution DOAJ
collection DOAJ
language EN
topic Medicine
R
Science
Q
spellingShingle Medicine
R
Science
Q
Kevin Salesse
Elisavet Stamataki
Ioannis Kontopoulos
Georges Verly
Rica Annaert
Mathieu Boudin
Giacomo Capuzzo
Philippe Claeys
Sarah Dalle
Marta Hlad
Guy de Mulder
Charlotte Sabaux
Amanda Sengeløv
Barbara Veselka
Eugène Warmenbol
Martine Vercauteren
Christophe Snoeck
These boots are made for burnin': Inferring the position of the corpse and the presence of leather footwears during cremation through isotope (δ13C, δ18O) and infrared (FTIR) analyses of experimentally burnt skeletal remains.
description Cremation is a complex mortuary practice, involving a number of activities of the living towards the dead before, during, and after the destruction of the bodily soft tissues by fire. The limiting information concerning these behavioral patterns obtained from the pyre remains and/or cremation deposits prevents the reconstruction of the handling of the corpse during the burning process. This pioneering study tries to determine the initial positioning of the corpse in the pyre and assess whether the deceased was wearing closed leather shoes during cremation through isotopic (δ13C, δ18O) and infrared (ATR-FTIR) analyses of experimentally burnt pig remains, used as a proxy for humans. The results obtained show that both the position of feet on or within the pyre and the presence of footwears may moderately-to-highly influence the oxygen isotope ratios of bone apatite carbonates and the cyanamide content of calcined bone in certain situations. By forming a protective layer, shoes appear to temporarily delay the burning of the underlying pig tissues and to increase the heat-shielding effect of the soft tissues protecting the bone mineral fraction. In such case, bioapatite bone carbonates exchange oxygen with a relatively more 18O-depleted atmosphere (due to the influence of lignin-derived oxygen rather than cellulose-derived oxygen), resulting in more pronounced decrease in the δ18Ocarb values during burning of the shoed feet vs. unshoed feet. The shift observed here was as high as 2.5‰. A concomitant isotopic effect of the initial location of the feet in the pyres was also observed, resulting in a top-to-bottom decrease difference in the δ18Ocarb values of shoed feet of about 1.4‰ between each deposition level tested. Finally, the presence of cyanamide (CN/P ≥ 0.02) seems to be indicative of closed footwear since the latter creates favorable conditions for its incorporation into bone apatite.
format article
author Kevin Salesse
Elisavet Stamataki
Ioannis Kontopoulos
Georges Verly
Rica Annaert
Mathieu Boudin
Giacomo Capuzzo
Philippe Claeys
Sarah Dalle
Marta Hlad
Guy de Mulder
Charlotte Sabaux
Amanda Sengeløv
Barbara Veselka
Eugène Warmenbol
Martine Vercauteren
Christophe Snoeck
author_facet Kevin Salesse
Elisavet Stamataki
Ioannis Kontopoulos
Georges Verly
Rica Annaert
Mathieu Boudin
Giacomo Capuzzo
Philippe Claeys
Sarah Dalle
Marta Hlad
Guy de Mulder
Charlotte Sabaux
Amanda Sengeløv
Barbara Veselka
Eugène Warmenbol
Martine Vercauteren
Christophe Snoeck
author_sort Kevin Salesse
title These boots are made for burnin': Inferring the position of the corpse and the presence of leather footwears during cremation through isotope (δ13C, δ18O) and infrared (FTIR) analyses of experimentally burnt skeletal remains.
title_short These boots are made for burnin': Inferring the position of the corpse and the presence of leather footwears during cremation through isotope (δ13C, δ18O) and infrared (FTIR) analyses of experimentally burnt skeletal remains.
title_full These boots are made for burnin': Inferring the position of the corpse and the presence of leather footwears during cremation through isotope (δ13C, δ18O) and infrared (FTIR) analyses of experimentally burnt skeletal remains.
title_fullStr These boots are made for burnin': Inferring the position of the corpse and the presence of leather footwears during cremation through isotope (δ13C, δ18O) and infrared (FTIR) analyses of experimentally burnt skeletal remains.
title_full_unstemmed These boots are made for burnin': Inferring the position of the corpse and the presence of leather footwears during cremation through isotope (δ13C, δ18O) and infrared (FTIR) analyses of experimentally burnt skeletal remains.
title_sort these boots are made for burnin': inferring the position of the corpse and the presence of leather footwears during cremation through isotope (δ13c, δ18o) and infrared (ftir) analyses of experimentally burnt skeletal remains.
publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate 2021
url https://doaj.org/article/cbe293817de64dd6a28411205e6c4697
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