Chemical and physical defense traits in two sexual forms of Opuntia robusta in Central Eastern Mexico.

Sexually dimorphic plants provide an excellent opportunity for examining the differences in the extent of their defense against herbivores because they exhibit sex-related differences in reproductive investment. Such differences enable comparison of the sex with high reproduction expenses with the s...

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Autores principales:	Mariusz Krzysztof Janczur, Héctor Javier León Solano, Lupita Tzenyatze Solache Rámos, Citlalli Hypatia Mendoza Reyes, María del Carmen Oro Cerro, María Dolores Mariezcurrena Berasain, Irma Victoria Rivas Manzano, Javier Manjarrez, José Luis Villareal Benitez, Marcin Czarnoleski
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2014
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/cbe8a1c4fcb4412ca656a7377929b280
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:cbe8a1c4fcb4412ca656a7377929b2802021-11-18T08:29:37ZChemical and physical defense traits in two sexual forms of Opuntia robusta in Central Eastern Mexico.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0089535https://doaj.org/article/cbe8a1c4fcb4412ca656a7377929b2802014-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/24599143/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Sexually dimorphic plants provide an excellent opportunity for examining the differences in the extent of their defense against herbivores because they exhibit sex-related differences in reproductive investment. Such differences enable comparison of the sex with high reproduction expenses with the sex that expends less. The more costly sex is usually also better defended against herbivores. Generally, females are considered more valuable than hermaphrodites in terms of fitness; however, hermaphrodites are more valuable if they can produce seed by autonomous selfing, provided that the inbreeding depression is low and pollen is limited. We studied a gynodioecious population of Opuntia robusta from Central-Eastern Mexico, which has been reported to be trioecious, dioecious, or hermaphrodite, and addressed the following questions: 1) Is the hermaphrodite's reproductive output higher than the female's, and are hermaphrodites thus better defended? 2) Are plant tissues differentially defended? 3) Do trade-offs exist among different physical defense traits? and 4) among physical and chemical defense traits? We found that 1) hermaphrodites had a higher seed output and more spines per areola than females and that their spines contained less moisture. Non-reproductive hermaphrodite cladodes contained more total phenolic compounds (TPCs) than female ones. In addition, 2) hermaphrodite reproductive cladodes bore more spines than female cladodes, and 3) and 4) we found a negative relationship between spine number per areola and areola number per cladode and a positive relationship between spine number per areola per plant and TPC concentration per plant. Non-reproductive hermaphrodite cladodes contained a higher concentration of TPCs than female cladodes, and parental cladodes contained fewer TPCs than both reproductive and empty cladodes.Mariusz Krzysztof JanczurHéctor Javier León SolanoLupita Tzenyatze Solache RámosCitlalli Hypatia Mendoza ReyesMaría del Carmen Oro CerroMaría Dolores Mariezcurrena BerasainIrma Victoria Rivas ManzanoJavier ManjarrezJosé Luis Villareal BenitezMarcin CzarnoleskiPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 9, Iss 3, p e89535 (2014)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Mariusz Krzysztof Janczur Héctor Javier León Solano Lupita Tzenyatze Solache Rámos Citlalli Hypatia Mendoza Reyes María del Carmen Oro Cerro María Dolores Mariezcurrena Berasain Irma Victoria Rivas Manzano Javier Manjarrez José Luis Villareal Benitez Marcin Czarnoleski Chemical and physical defense traits in two sexual forms of Opuntia robusta in Central Eastern Mexico.
description	Sexually dimorphic plants provide an excellent opportunity for examining the differences in the extent of their defense against herbivores because they exhibit sex-related differences in reproductive investment. Such differences enable comparison of the sex with high reproduction expenses with the sex that expends less. The more costly sex is usually also better defended against herbivores. Generally, females are considered more valuable than hermaphrodites in terms of fitness; however, hermaphrodites are more valuable if they can produce seed by autonomous selfing, provided that the inbreeding depression is low and pollen is limited. We studied a gynodioecious population of Opuntia robusta from Central-Eastern Mexico, which has been reported to be trioecious, dioecious, or hermaphrodite, and addressed the following questions: 1) Is the hermaphrodite's reproductive output higher than the female's, and are hermaphrodites thus better defended? 2) Are plant tissues differentially defended? 3) Do trade-offs exist among different physical defense traits? and 4) among physical and chemical defense traits? We found that 1) hermaphrodites had a higher seed output and more spines per areola than females and that their spines contained less moisture. Non-reproductive hermaphrodite cladodes contained more total phenolic compounds (TPCs) than female ones. In addition, 2) hermaphrodite reproductive cladodes bore more spines than female cladodes, and 3) and 4) we found a negative relationship between spine number per areola and areola number per cladode and a positive relationship between spine number per areola per plant and TPC concentration per plant. Non-reproductive hermaphrodite cladodes contained a higher concentration of TPCs than female cladodes, and parental cladodes contained fewer TPCs than both reproductive and empty cladodes.
format	article
author	Mariusz Krzysztof Janczur Héctor Javier León Solano Lupita Tzenyatze Solache Rámos Citlalli Hypatia Mendoza Reyes María del Carmen Oro Cerro María Dolores Mariezcurrena Berasain Irma Victoria Rivas Manzano Javier Manjarrez José Luis Villareal Benitez Marcin Czarnoleski
author_facet	Mariusz Krzysztof Janczur Héctor Javier León Solano Lupita Tzenyatze Solache Rámos Citlalli Hypatia Mendoza Reyes María del Carmen Oro Cerro María Dolores Mariezcurrena Berasain Irma Victoria Rivas Manzano Javier Manjarrez José Luis Villareal Benitez Marcin Czarnoleski
author_sort	Mariusz Krzysztof Janczur
title	Chemical and physical defense traits in two sexual forms of Opuntia robusta in Central Eastern Mexico.
title_short	Chemical and physical defense traits in two sexual forms of Opuntia robusta in Central Eastern Mexico.
title_full	Chemical and physical defense traits in two sexual forms of Opuntia robusta in Central Eastern Mexico.
title_fullStr	Chemical and physical defense traits in two sexual forms of Opuntia robusta in Central Eastern Mexico.
title_full_unstemmed	Chemical and physical defense traits in two sexual forms of Opuntia robusta in Central Eastern Mexico.
title_sort	chemical and physical defense traits in two sexual forms of opuntia robusta in central eastern mexico.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2014
url	https://doaj.org/article/cbe8a1c4fcb4412ca656a7377929b280
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Chemical and physical defense traits in two sexual forms of Opuntia robusta in Central Eastern Mexico.

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