Distribution of Merlin in eukaryotes and first report of DNA transposons in kinetoplastid protists.

DNA transposons are defined as repeated DNA sequences that can move within the host genome through the action of transposases. The transposon superfamily Merlin was originally found mainly in animal genomes. Here, we describe a global distribution of the Merlin in animals, fungi, plants and protists...

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Autores principales:	Ana Luisa Kalb Lopes, Eva Kriegová, Julius Lukeš, Marco Aurélio Krieger, Adriana Ludwig
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/cc026e34056e4013b6ee121af4e3a780
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:cc026e34056e4013b6ee121af4e3a7802021-11-25T06:19:18ZDistribution of Merlin in eukaryotes and first report of DNA transposons in kinetoplastid protists.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0251133https://doaj.org/article/cc026e34056e4013b6ee121af4e3a7802021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251133https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203DNA transposons are defined as repeated DNA sequences that can move within the host genome through the action of transposases. The transposon superfamily Merlin was originally found mainly in animal genomes. Here, we describe a global distribution of the Merlin in animals, fungi, plants and protists, reporting for the first time their presence in Rhodophyceae, Metamonada, Discoba and Alveolata. We identified a great variety of potentially active Merlin families, some containing highly imperfect terminal inverted repeats and internal tandem repeats. Merlin-related sequences with no evidence of mobilization capacity were also observed and may be products of domestication. The evolutionary trees support that Merlin is likely an ancient superfamily, with early events of diversification and secondary losses, although repeated re-invasions probably occurred in some groups, which would explain its diversity and discontinuous distribution. We cannot rule out the possibility that the Merlin superfamily is the product of multiple horizontal transfers of related prokaryotic insertion sequences. Moreover, this is the first account of a DNA transposon in kinetoplastid flagellates, with conserved Merlin transposase identified in Bodo saltans and Perkinsela sp., whereas it is absent in trypanosomatids. Based on the level of conservation of the transposase and overlaps of putative open reading frames with Merlin, we propose that in protists it may serve as a raw material for gene emergence.Ana Luisa Kalb LopesEva KriegováJulius LukešMarco Aurélio KriegerAdriana LudwigPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 5, p e0251133 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Ana Luisa Kalb Lopes Eva Kriegová Julius Lukeš Marco Aurélio Krieger Adriana Ludwig Distribution of Merlin in eukaryotes and first report of DNA transposons in kinetoplastid protists.
description	DNA transposons are defined as repeated DNA sequences that can move within the host genome through the action of transposases. The transposon superfamily Merlin was originally found mainly in animal genomes. Here, we describe a global distribution of the Merlin in animals, fungi, plants and protists, reporting for the first time their presence in Rhodophyceae, Metamonada, Discoba and Alveolata. We identified a great variety of potentially active Merlin families, some containing highly imperfect terminal inverted repeats and internal tandem repeats. Merlin-related sequences with no evidence of mobilization capacity were also observed and may be products of domestication. The evolutionary trees support that Merlin is likely an ancient superfamily, with early events of diversification and secondary losses, although repeated re-invasions probably occurred in some groups, which would explain its diversity and discontinuous distribution. We cannot rule out the possibility that the Merlin superfamily is the product of multiple horizontal transfers of related prokaryotic insertion sequences. Moreover, this is the first account of a DNA transposon in kinetoplastid flagellates, with conserved Merlin transposase identified in Bodo saltans and Perkinsela sp., whereas it is absent in trypanosomatids. Based on the level of conservation of the transposase and overlaps of putative open reading frames with Merlin, we propose that in protists it may serve as a raw material for gene emergence.
format	article
author	Ana Luisa Kalb Lopes Eva Kriegová Julius Lukeš Marco Aurélio Krieger Adriana Ludwig
author_facet	Ana Luisa Kalb Lopes Eva Kriegová Julius Lukeš Marco Aurélio Krieger Adriana Ludwig
author_sort	Ana Luisa Kalb Lopes
title	Distribution of Merlin in eukaryotes and first report of DNA transposons in kinetoplastid protists.
title_short	Distribution of Merlin in eukaryotes and first report of DNA transposons in kinetoplastid protists.
title_full	Distribution of Merlin in eukaryotes and first report of DNA transposons in kinetoplastid protists.
title_fullStr	Distribution of Merlin in eukaryotes and first report of DNA transposons in kinetoplastid protists.
title_full_unstemmed	Distribution of Merlin in eukaryotes and first report of DNA transposons in kinetoplastid protists.
title_sort	distribution of merlin in eukaryotes and first report of dna transposons in kinetoplastid protists.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/cc026e34056e4013b6ee121af4e3a780
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Distribution of Merlin in eukaryotes and first report of DNA transposons in kinetoplastid protists.

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