The Role of the Innate Immune System in Cancer Dormancy and Relapse

Metastatic spread and recurrence are intimately linked to therapy failure, which remains an overarching clinical challenge for patients with cancer. Cancer cells often disseminate early in the disease process and can remain dormant for years or decades before re-emerging as metastatic disease, often...

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Autores principales:	Noah M. Chernosky, Ilaria Tamagno
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	metastasis dormancy immune surveillance circulating tumor cells macrophages neutrophils Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens RC254-282
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/cc0ad53c7c3b4428b7485fcb70353b39
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:cc0ad53c7c3b4428b7485fcb70353b392021-11-25T17:01:42ZThe Role of the Innate Immune System in Cancer Dormancy and Relapse10.3390/cancers132256212072-6694https://doaj.org/article/cc0ad53c7c3b4428b7485fcb70353b392021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/22/5621https://doaj.org/toc/2072-6694Metastatic spread and recurrence are intimately linked to therapy failure, which remains an overarching clinical challenge for patients with cancer. Cancer cells often disseminate early in the disease process and can remain dormant for years or decades before re-emerging as metastatic disease, often after successful treatment. The interactions of dormant cancer cells and their metastatic niche, comprised of various stromal and immune cells, can determine the length of time that cancer cells remain dormant, as well as when they reactivate. New studies are defining how innate immune cells in the primary tumor may be corrupted to help facilitate many aspects of dissemination and re-emergence from a dormant state. Although the scientific literature has partially shed light on the drivers of immune escape in cancer, the specific mechanisms regulating metastasis and dormancy in the context of anti-tumor immunity are still mostly unknown. This review follows the journey of metastatic cells from dissemination to dormancy and the onset of metastatic outgrowth and recurrent tumor development, with emphasis on the role of the innate immune system. To this end, further research identifying how immune cells interact with cancer cells at each step of cancer progression will pave the way for new therapies that target the reactivation of dormant cancer cells into recurrent, metastatic cancers.Noah M. ChernoskyIlaria TamagnoMDPI AGarticlemetastasisdormancyimmune surveillancecirculating tumor cellsmacrophagesneutrophilsNeoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogensRC254-282ENCancers, Vol 13, Iss 5621, p 5621 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	metastasis dormancy immune surveillance circulating tumor cells macrophages neutrophils Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens RC254-282
spellingShingle	metastasis dormancy immune surveillance circulating tumor cells macrophages neutrophils Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens RC254-282 Noah M. Chernosky Ilaria Tamagno The Role of the Innate Immune System in Cancer Dormancy and Relapse
description	Metastatic spread and recurrence are intimately linked to therapy failure, which remains an overarching clinical challenge for patients with cancer. Cancer cells often disseminate early in the disease process and can remain dormant for years or decades before re-emerging as metastatic disease, often after successful treatment. The interactions of dormant cancer cells and their metastatic niche, comprised of various stromal and immune cells, can determine the length of time that cancer cells remain dormant, as well as when they reactivate. New studies are defining how innate immune cells in the primary tumor may be corrupted to help facilitate many aspects of dissemination and re-emergence from a dormant state. Although the scientific literature has partially shed light on the drivers of immune escape in cancer, the specific mechanisms regulating metastasis and dormancy in the context of anti-tumor immunity are still mostly unknown. This review follows the journey of metastatic cells from dissemination to dormancy and the onset of metastatic outgrowth and recurrent tumor development, with emphasis on the role of the innate immune system. To this end, further research identifying how immune cells interact with cancer cells at each step of cancer progression will pave the way for new therapies that target the reactivation of dormant cancer cells into recurrent, metastatic cancers.
format	article
author	Noah M. Chernosky Ilaria Tamagno
author_facet	Noah M. Chernosky Ilaria Tamagno
author_sort	Noah M. Chernosky
title	The Role of the Innate Immune System in Cancer Dormancy and Relapse
title_short	The Role of the Innate Immune System in Cancer Dormancy and Relapse
title_full	The Role of the Innate Immune System in Cancer Dormancy and Relapse
title_fullStr	The Role of the Innate Immune System in Cancer Dormancy and Relapse
title_full_unstemmed	The Role of the Innate Immune System in Cancer Dormancy and Relapse
title_sort	role of the innate immune system in cancer dormancy and relapse
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/cc0ad53c7c3b4428b7485fcb70353b39
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The Role of the Innate Immune System in Cancer Dormancy and Relapse

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