Diabetic retinopathy: history, modern approaches to management, prospective views of prevention and treatment

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). As DR progresses, it could be complicated with a significant decrease or complete loss of vision. It is the leading cause of blindness in the working-age population and, according to global estimates, occurs in one in eve...

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Autores principales:	Tatiana Y. Demidova, Alexander A. Kozhevnikov
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN RU
Publicado:	Endocrinology Research Centre 2020
Materias:	diabetic retinopathy diabetic macular edema epidemiology anti-vegf laser coagulation screening prevention risk factors early retinal changes Nutritional diseases. Deficiency diseases RC620-627
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/cc210f77f11c45f9bc5ce11765daab14
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:cc210f77f11c45f9bc5ce11765daab142021-11-14T09:00:23ZDiabetic retinopathy: history, modern approaches to management, prospective views of prevention and treatment2072-03512072-037810.14341/DM10273https://doaj.org/article/cc210f77f11c45f9bc5ce11765daab142020-04-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dia-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/10273https://doaj.org/toc/2072-0351https://doaj.org/toc/2072-0378Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). As DR progresses, it could be complicated with a significant decrease or complete loss of vision. It is the leading cause of blindness in the working-age population and, according to global estimates, occurs in one in every three patients with diabetes. DR has been studied for more than 160 years, and the implementation of retinal laser coagulation into clinical practice in the 20th century, and then vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors in the 21th century, allowed us to influence vascular proliferation in DR and reduce the risk of vision loss from diabetic macular oedema (DME). However, these tools can only stop the progression of DR at the stages with risk of complications with vision loss, and prevention – screenings and the impact on risk factors (hyperglycaemia, arterial hypertension, and dyslipidemia) – remains as the main method of management of DR. Possible new risk factors (hypodynamy, obesity, body weight deficiency, and obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome) attract a lot of attention, and there is ongoing research for early markers of DR in the fundus, which could allow more active influence on the pathological process in its early stages. This review focuses on epidemiology, history of research, proven and possible risk factors, and current and promising approaches to the prevention and treatment of DR, including accurate, less traumatic laser techniques (PASCAL, NAVILAS, and D-MPL), and intravitreal antiangiogenic drugs in studies.Tatiana Y. DemidovaAlexander A. KozhevnikovEndocrinology Research Centrearticlediabetic retinopathydiabetic macular edemaepidemiologyanti-vegflaser coagulationscreeningpreventionrisk factorsearly retinal changesNutritional diseases. Deficiency diseasesRC620-627ENRUСахарный диабет, Vol 23, Iss 1, Pp 95-105 (2020)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN RU
topic	diabetic retinopathy diabetic macular edema epidemiology anti-vegf laser coagulation screening prevention risk factors early retinal changes Nutritional diseases. Deficiency diseases RC620-627
spellingShingle	diabetic retinopathy diabetic macular edema epidemiology anti-vegf laser coagulation screening prevention risk factors early retinal changes Nutritional diseases. Deficiency diseases RC620-627 Tatiana Y. Demidova Alexander A. Kozhevnikov Diabetic retinopathy: history, modern approaches to management, prospective views of prevention and treatment
description	Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). As DR progresses, it could be complicated with a significant decrease or complete loss of vision. It is the leading cause of blindness in the working-age population and, according to global estimates, occurs in one in every three patients with diabetes. DR has been studied for more than 160 years, and the implementation of retinal laser coagulation into clinical practice in the 20th century, and then vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors in the 21th century, allowed us to influence vascular proliferation in DR and reduce the risk of vision loss from diabetic macular oedema (DME). However, these tools can only stop the progression of DR at the stages with risk of complications with vision loss, and prevention – screenings and the impact on risk factors (hyperglycaemia, arterial hypertension, and dyslipidemia) – remains as the main method of management of DR. Possible new risk factors (hypodynamy, obesity, body weight deficiency, and obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome) attract a lot of attention, and there is ongoing research for early markers of DR in the fundus, which could allow more active influence on the pathological process in its early stages. This review focuses on epidemiology, history of research, proven and possible risk factors, and current and promising approaches to the prevention and treatment of DR, including accurate, less traumatic laser techniques (PASCAL, NAVILAS, and D-MPL), and intravitreal antiangiogenic drugs in studies.
format	article
author	Tatiana Y. Demidova Alexander A. Kozhevnikov
author_facet	Tatiana Y. Demidova Alexander A. Kozhevnikov
author_sort	Tatiana Y. Demidova
title	Diabetic retinopathy: history, modern approaches to management, prospective views of prevention and treatment
title_short	Diabetic retinopathy: history, modern approaches to management, prospective views of prevention and treatment
title_full	Diabetic retinopathy: history, modern approaches to management, prospective views of prevention and treatment
title_fullStr	Diabetic retinopathy: history, modern approaches to management, prospective views of prevention and treatment
title_full_unstemmed	Diabetic retinopathy: history, modern approaches to management, prospective views of prevention and treatment
title_sort	diabetic retinopathy: history, modern approaches to management, prospective views of prevention and treatment
publisher	Endocrinology Research Centre
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/cc210f77f11c45f9bc5ce11765daab14
work_keys_str_mv	AT tatianaydemidova diabeticretinopathyhistorymodernapproachestomanagementprospectiveviewsofpreventionandtreatment AT alexanderakozhevnikov diabeticretinopathyhistorymodernapproachestomanagementprospectiveviewsofpreventionandtreatment
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Diabetic retinopathy: history, modern approaches to management, prospective views of prevention and treatment

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