Host defense against viral infection involves interferon mediated down-regulation of sterol biosynthesis.

Little is known about the protective role of inflammatory processes in modulating lipid metabolism in infection. Here we report an intimate link between the innate immune response to infection and regulation of the sterol metabolic network characterized by down-regulation of sterol biosynthesis by a...

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Autores principales:	Mathieu Blanc, Wei Yuan Hsieh, Kevin A Robertson, Steven Watterson, Guanghou Shui, Paul Lacaze, Mizanur Khondoker, Paul Dickinson, Garwin Sing, Sara Rodríguez-Martín, Peter Phelan, Thorsten Forster, Birgit Strobl, Matthias Müller, Rudolph Riemersma, Timothy Osborne, Markus R Wenk, Ana Angulo, Peter Ghazal
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2011
Materias:	Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/cc2f259066284ec9a4077c68a828c24a
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:cc2f259066284ec9a4077c68a828c24a2021-11-18T05:36:18ZHost defense against viral infection involves interferon mediated down-regulation of sterol biosynthesis.1544-91731545-788510.1371/journal.pbio.1000598https://doaj.org/article/cc2f259066284ec9a4077c68a828c24a2011-03-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/21408089/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1544-9173https://doaj.org/toc/1545-7885Little is known about the protective role of inflammatory processes in modulating lipid metabolism in infection. Here we report an intimate link between the innate immune response to infection and regulation of the sterol metabolic network characterized by down-regulation of sterol biosynthesis by an interferon regulatory loop mechanism. In time-series experiments profiling genome-wide lipid-associated gene expression of macrophages, we show a selective and coordinated negative regulation of the complete sterol pathway upon viral infection or cytokine treatment with IFNγ or β but not TNF, IL1β, or IL6. Quantitative analysis at the protein level of selected sterol metabolic enzymes upon infection shows a similar level of suppression. Experimental testing of sterol metabolite levels using lipidomic-based measurements shows a reduction in metabolic output. On the basis of pharmacologic and RNAi inhibition of the sterol pathway we show augmented protection against viral infection, and in combination with metabolite rescue experiments, we identify the requirement of the mevalonate-isoprenoid branch of the sterol metabolic network in the protective response upon statin or IFNβ treatment. Conditioned media experiments from infected cells support an involvement of secreted type 1 interferon(s) to be sufficient for reducing the sterol pathway upon infection. Moreover, we show that infection of primary macrophages containing a genetic knockout of the major type I interferon, IFNβ, leads to only a partial suppression of the sterol pathway, while genetic knockout of the receptor for all type I interferon family members, ifnar1, or associated signaling component, tyk2, completely abolishes the reduction of the sterol biosynthetic activity upon infection. Levels of the proteolytically cleaved nuclear forms of SREBP2, a key transcriptional regulator of sterol biosynthesis, are reduced upon infection and IFNβ treatment at both the protein and de novo transcription level. The reduction in srebf2 gene transcription upon infection and IFN treatment is also found to be strictly dependent on ifnar1. Altogether these results show that type 1 IFN signaling is both necessary and sufficient for reducing the sterol metabolic network activity upon infection, thereby linking the regulation of the sterol pathway with interferon anti-viral defense responses. These findings bring a new link between sterol metabolism and interferon antiviral response and support the idea of using host metabolic modifiers of innate immunity as a potential antiviral strategy.Mathieu BlancWei Yuan HsiehKevin A RobertsonSteven WattersonGuanghou ShuiPaul LacazeMizanur KhondokerPaul DickinsonGarwin SingSara Rodríguez-MartínPeter PhelanThorsten ForsterBirgit StroblMatthias MüllerRudolph RiemersmaTimothy OsborneMarkus R WenkAna AnguloPeter GhazalPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENPLoS Biology, Vol 9, Iss 3, p e1000598 (2011)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Mathieu Blanc Wei Yuan Hsieh Kevin A Robertson Steven Watterson Guanghou Shui Paul Lacaze Mizanur Khondoker Paul Dickinson Garwin Sing Sara Rodríguez-Martín Peter Phelan Thorsten Forster Birgit Strobl Matthias Müller Rudolph Riemersma Timothy Osborne Markus R Wenk Ana Angulo Peter Ghazal Host defense against viral infection involves interferon mediated down-regulation of sterol biosynthesis.
description	Little is known about the protective role of inflammatory processes in modulating lipid metabolism in infection. Here we report an intimate link between the innate immune response to infection and regulation of the sterol metabolic network characterized by down-regulation of sterol biosynthesis by an interferon regulatory loop mechanism. In time-series experiments profiling genome-wide lipid-associated gene expression of macrophages, we show a selective and coordinated negative regulation of the complete sterol pathway upon viral infection or cytokine treatment with IFNγ or β but not TNF, IL1β, or IL6. Quantitative analysis at the protein level of selected sterol metabolic enzymes upon infection shows a similar level of suppression. Experimental testing of sterol metabolite levels using lipidomic-based measurements shows a reduction in metabolic output. On the basis of pharmacologic and RNAi inhibition of the sterol pathway we show augmented protection against viral infection, and in combination with metabolite rescue experiments, we identify the requirement of the mevalonate-isoprenoid branch of the sterol metabolic network in the protective response upon statin or IFNβ treatment. Conditioned media experiments from infected cells support an involvement of secreted type 1 interferon(s) to be sufficient for reducing the sterol pathway upon infection. Moreover, we show that infection of primary macrophages containing a genetic knockout of the major type I interferon, IFNβ, leads to only a partial suppression of the sterol pathway, while genetic knockout of the receptor for all type I interferon family members, ifnar1, or associated signaling component, tyk2, completely abolishes the reduction of the sterol biosynthetic activity upon infection. Levels of the proteolytically cleaved nuclear forms of SREBP2, a key transcriptional regulator of sterol biosynthesis, are reduced upon infection and IFNβ treatment at both the protein and de novo transcription level. The reduction in srebf2 gene transcription upon infection and IFN treatment is also found to be strictly dependent on ifnar1. Altogether these results show that type 1 IFN signaling is both necessary and sufficient for reducing the sterol metabolic network activity upon infection, thereby linking the regulation of the sterol pathway with interferon anti-viral defense responses. These findings bring a new link between sterol metabolism and interferon antiviral response and support the idea of using host metabolic modifiers of innate immunity as a potential antiviral strategy.
format	article
author	Mathieu Blanc Wei Yuan Hsieh Kevin A Robertson Steven Watterson Guanghou Shui Paul Lacaze Mizanur Khondoker Paul Dickinson Garwin Sing Sara Rodríguez-Martín Peter Phelan Thorsten Forster Birgit Strobl Matthias Müller Rudolph Riemersma Timothy Osborne Markus R Wenk Ana Angulo Peter Ghazal
author_facet	Mathieu Blanc Wei Yuan Hsieh Kevin A Robertson Steven Watterson Guanghou Shui Paul Lacaze Mizanur Khondoker Paul Dickinson Garwin Sing Sara Rodríguez-Martín Peter Phelan Thorsten Forster Birgit Strobl Matthias Müller Rudolph Riemersma Timothy Osborne Markus R Wenk Ana Angulo Peter Ghazal
author_sort	Mathieu Blanc
title	Host defense against viral infection involves interferon mediated down-regulation of sterol biosynthesis.
title_short	Host defense against viral infection involves interferon mediated down-regulation of sterol biosynthesis.
title_full	Host defense against viral infection involves interferon mediated down-regulation of sterol biosynthesis.
title_fullStr	Host defense against viral infection involves interferon mediated down-regulation of sterol biosynthesis.
title_full_unstemmed	Host defense against viral infection involves interferon mediated down-regulation of sterol biosynthesis.
title_sort	host defense against viral infection involves interferon mediated down-regulation of sterol biosynthesis.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2011
url	https://doaj.org/article/cc2f259066284ec9a4077c68a828c24a
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Host defense against viral infection involves interferon mediated down-regulation of sterol biosynthesis.

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